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high performance, 3.2 ghz, 14 - output jitter attenuator with jesd204b data sheet HMC7044 rev. b document feedback information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed b y analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062 - 9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 ? 2015 C 2016 analog devices, in c. all rights reserved. technical support www.analog.com features ultralow rms jitter: 44 fs typical (12 khz to 20 mhz) at 2457.6 mhz noise floor: ?156 dbc/hz at 2457.6 mhz low phase noise: ?141.7 dbc/hz at 800 khz, 983.04 mhz output up to 14 lvds, lvpecl, or cml type device clocks (dclks) from pll2 maximum clkoutx/ clkoutx and sclkoutx/ sclkoutx frequency up to 3200 mhz jesd204b - compatible system reference (sysref) pulses 25 ps analog, and ? vco cycle dig ital delay independently programmable on each of 14 clock output channels spi - programmable phase noise vs. power consumption sysref valid interrupt to simplify jesd204b synchronization narrow - band, dual core vcos up to 2 buffered voltage controlled oscill ator (vcxo) outputs up to 4 input clocks in lvds, lvpecl, cmos, and cml modes frequency holdover mode to maintain output frequency loss of signal (los) detection and hitless reference switching 4 gpios alarms/status indicators to determine the health of the system external vco input to support up to 6000 mhz on - board regulators for excellent psrr 68- lead, 10 mm 10 mm lfcsp package applications jesd204b clock generation cellular infrastructure (multicarrier gsm, lte, w - cdma) data converter clocking microwave baseband cards phase array reference distribution general description the HMC7044 is a high performance , dual - loop , i nteger - n jitter attenuator capable of performing reference selection and generat ion of ultralow phase noise frequencies for high speed data converters with either parallel or serial (jesd204b type) interfaces. the HMC7044 features two integer mode plls and overlapping on - chip vcos that are spi - selectable with wide tuning ranges around 2.5 ghz and 3 ghz, respectively . the device is designed to meet the requirements of gsm and lte base station designs, and offers a wide range of clock management and distribution features to simplify baseband and radio card clock tree designs. the HMC7044 provides 14 low noise and configurable outputs to offer flexibility in interfacing with many different compo - nents including data converters, field - programmable gate arrays (fpgas), and mixer local oscillators (los). the dclk and sysref clock outputs of the HMC7044 can be configured to support signaling standards , such as cml, lvds, lvpecl , and lvcmos , and different bias settings to offset varying board insertion losses. functional block dia gram clkin0/rfsyncin clkin0/rfsyncin clkin1/fin clkin1/fin clkin2/oscout0 clkin2/oscout0 clkin3 clkin3 sync sdat a spi contro l inter f ace slen sclk 14-clock distribution pll1 pll2 sysref contro l clkout0 clkout0 sclkout1 sclkout1 clkout2 clkout2 sclkout3 sclkout3 clkout12 clkout12 sclkout13 sclkout13 cpout1 oscin oscin cpout2 oscout1 oscout1 13033-001 figure 1.
HMC7044 data she et rev. b | page 2 of 72 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 applications ....................................................................................... 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 tabl e of contents .............................................................................. 2 revision history ............................................................................... 2 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 conditions ..................................................................................... 3 supply current .............................................................................. 3 digital input/output (i/o) electrical specifications ............... 4 pll1 characteristics .................................................................... 5 pll2 characteristics .................................................................... 7 vco char acteristics .................................................................... 8 clock output distribution characteristics ............................... 9 spur characteristics ................................................................... 10 noise and jitter characteristics ................................................ 10 clock output driver characteristics ....................................... 11 absolute maximum ratings .......................................................... 13 esd caution ................................................................................ 13 pin configuration and function descriptions ........................... 14 typical performance characteristics ........................................... 17 typical application circuits .......................................................... 21 terminology .................................................................................... 22 theory of operation ...................................................................... 23 detailed block diagram ............................................................ 24 dual pll overview .................................................................... 25 component blocks input pll (pll1) .................................. 25 component blocks output pll (pll2) .............................. 30 clock output network .............................................................. 31 reference buffer details ............................................................ 38 typical programming sequence ............................................... 38 power supply considerations ................................................... 39 serial control port ........................................................................ 42 serial port interface (spi) control ........................................... 42 applications information .............................................................. 43 pll1 noise calculations ........................................................... 43 pll2 noise calculations ........................................................... 43 phase noise floor and jitter ...................................................... 43 control registers ............................................................................ 44 control register map ................................................................ 44 control register map bit descriptions ................................... 52 evaluation pcb schematic ............................................................ 69 evaluation pcb ........................................................................... 69 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 71 ordering g uide .......................................................................... 71 revision history 1 1 /2016 rev. a to rev. b changes to table 1 and endnote 4, table 2 ................................... 3 changes to reliable signal swing parameter, table 4 .................. 5 change to pll2 vcxo input parameter, table 5 ........................ 7 changes to table 7 ............................................................................ 9 added figure 13; renumbered sequentially .............................. 18 added figure 20 .............................................................................. 19 added figure 21, figure 22, and figure 23 ................................. 20 changes to figure 34 ...................................................................... 21 changes to table 15 and table 17 ................................................ 34 changes to figure 47 ...................................................................... 3 7 changes to table 23 ........................................................................ 41 changes to table 25 ........................................................................ 4 6 changes to table 49 ........................................................................ 5 7 change to table 75 ......................................................................... 68 5 / 20 16 rev. 0 to rev. a changes to table 3 ............................................................................. 4 changes to current range (i cp2 ) parameter, table 5 .................... 8 changes to table 9 .......................................................................... 11 changes to table 10 ....................................................................... 13 changes to ldobyp5 pin description ...................................... 15 changes to figure 13 ...................................................................... 19 changes to figure 30 ...................................................................... 25 changes to evaluation pcb section ............................................ 69 added figure 46; renumbered sequentially .............................. 69 added figure 50 ............................................................................. 71 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 71 9/ 20 15 revision 0: initial version
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 3 of 72 specifications unless otherwise noted, f vcxo = 122.88 mhz single - ended; clkin0/ clkin0 , clkin1/ clkin1 , clkin2/ clkin2 , and clkin3/ clkin3 differentia l at 122.88 mhz; f vco = 2949.12 mhz; doubler is on; typical value is given for v cc = 3.3 v; and t a = 25c. minimum and maximum values are given over the full v cc and t a (?40c to +85c) variation, as listed in table 1 . note that multifunction pins, such as clkin0/rfsyncin, are referred to either by the entire pin name or by a single function of the pin, for example, clkin0, when only that function is rele vant. conditions table 1 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments supply voltage, v cc vcc1_vco 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for vco and vco distribution vcc2_out 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for output channel 2 and output channel 3 vcc3_sysref 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for common sysref divider vcc4_out 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for output channel 4, output channel 5, output channel 6, output channel 7 vcc5_pll1 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for the ldo used in pll1 vcc6_oscout 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for oscillator output path vcc7_pll2 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for the ldo used in pll2 vcc8_out 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for output channel 8, output channel 9, output channel 10, and output channel 11 vcc9_out 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 3.3 v 5%, supply voltage for output channel 0, output channel 1, output channel 12, and output channel 13 temperature ambient temperature range, t a ?40 +25 +85 c supply current for detailed test conditions, see table 22 and table 2 3 . table 2 . parameter 1 , 2 min typ max unit test conditions/comments current consumption 3 vcc1_vco 157 225 ma vcc2_out 4 65 250 ma typical value is given at t a = 25c with two lvds clocks at divide by 8 vcc3_sysref 12 37 ma vcc4_out 4 78 500 ma typical value is given at 25c with two lvpecl high performance clocks, fundamental frequency of internal vco (f o ), 2 sysref clocks (off ) vcc5_pll1 39 125 ma vcc6_oscout 0 80 ma vcc7_pll2 46 80 ma vcc8_out 4 124 500 ma typical value is given at 25c with two lvpecl high performance clocks at divide by 2, 2 sysref clocks (off ) vcc9_out 4 65 500 ma typical value is given at 25c with two lvds clocks at divide by 8, 2 sysref clocks (off ) total current 586 ma 1 maximum values are guaranteed by design and characterization. 2 currents include lvpecl termination currents. 3 max imum values are for all circuits enabled in their wor st case power consumption mode, pvt variations, and accounting for peak current draw during temporary synchronization events. 4 typi cal specification applies to a normal usage profile (profile 1 in table 2 3 ) , where pll1 and pll2 are locked, but very low duty cycle currents (sync events) and some optional features are disabled. this specification assumes output configurations as described in the test conditions/comments column.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 4 of 72 digital input/output (i/o) electrical specifica tions table 3 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments digital input signals (reset, sync, slen, sclk) safe input voltage range 1 ?0.1 +3.6 v input load 0.3 pf input voltage input logic high (v ih ) 1.2 v cc v input logic low (v il ) 0 0.5 v spi bus frequency 10 mhz digital bidirectional signals configured as inputs (sdata, gpio4, gpio3, gpio2, gpio1) safe input voltage range 1 ?0.1 +3.6 v input capacitance 0.4 pf input resistance 50g ? input voltage input logic high (v ih ) 1.22 v cc v input logic low (v il ) 0 0.24 v input hysteresis 0.2 v occurs around 0.85 v gpio1 to gpio4 alarm muxing/delay delay from internal alarm/signal to general - purpose output (gpo) driver 2 ns does not include t dgpo digital bidirectional signals configured as outputs (sdata, gpio4, gpio3, gpio2, gpio1) cmos mode logic 1 level 1.6 1.9 2.2 v logic 0 level 0 0.1 v output drive resistance (r drive ) 50 ? output driver delay (t dgpo ) 1.5 + 42 c load ns approximately 1.5 ns + 0.69 r drive c load (c load in nf) maximum supported dc current 1 0.6 ma open - drain mode 1 external 1 k ? pull - up resistor logic 1 level 3.6 v 3.6 v maximum permitted; specifications set by external supply logic 0 level 0.13 0.28 v against a 1 k ? external pull - up resistor to 3.3 v pull - down impedance 60 ? maximum supported sink current 5 ma 1 guaranteed by design and characterization .
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 5 of 72 pll1 characteristics table 4 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments pll1 reference inputs (clkin0/ clkin0 , clkin1/ clkin1 , clkin2/ clkin2 , clkin3/ clkin3 ) reliable signal swing differential 0.375 1.4 v p - p differential, k eep signal at reference input pin <2.8 v, measured at 800 mhz single - ended 1 0.375 1.4 v p - p <250 mhz; keep signal at reference input pin <2.8 v common - mode range 0.4 2.4 v if user supplied, on - chip v cm is approximately 2.1 v input impedance 100 to 2000 ? user selectable; differential return loss ?12 db when terminated with 100 ? differentially pll1 reference divider 8 - bit lowest common multiple (lcm) dividers 1 255 16- bit r divider (r1) 1 65,535 pll1 feedback divider 16 - bit n divider (n1) 1 65,535 pll1 frequency limitations pll1 ref input frequency (f ref ) 0.00015 800 mhz minimum specification set by phase detector 1 (pd1) low limit digital los/lcm frequency (f lcm ) 0.00015 123 mhz typically run at about 38.4 mhz pd1 frequency (f pd1 ) 0.00015 50 mhz minimum specification = vcxo minimum frequency 65,535; 9.76 mhz typical pll1 charge pump charge pump current range (i cp1 ) 120 to 1920 a i cp1 from 0 to 15, vcxo control voltage (v tune ) = 1.4 v i cp1 variation over process voltage temperature (pvt) 15 % v tune = 1.4 v source/sink current mismatch 2 % source/sink mismatch at 1.4 v charge pump current step size 120 a charge pump compliance range 1 0.4 to 2.5 v i cp variation less than 10% 0.1 to 2.7 v maintain lock in test environment pll1 noise profile 1 floor figure of merit (fom) ?222 dbc/hz normalized to 1 hz flicker fom ?252 dbc/hz normalized to 1 hz flicker noise determined by formula 2 dbc/hz at f out , f offset noise floor determined by formula 3 dbc/hz at f out , f pd1 total phase noise (unfiltered) determined by formula 4 dbc/hz pll1 bandwidth and acquisition times 1 supported loop bandwidths (pll1_bw) 5 f lcm /2 25 f pd1 /10 hz typically pll1 low bw is set by the application and ranges between 5 hz and 2 khz pll1 slew time 6 n1/ f delta_vcxo sec n1 = 10 (typical) and f delta_vcxo = 10 khz (typical) results in 1 ms of slew time pll1 linear acquisition time 5/pll1_bw sec when vcxo has stopped slewing to steady state (within 5) pll1 phase error at pd1 invalidates lock 2.9 ns pll1 lock detect timer period (t lkd ) 7 4 to 2 26 t lcm user - selectable low phase error counts to declare lock
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 6 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments pll1 behavior on reference failure 1 los assertion delay 7 2 + t dgpo 3 + t dgpo t lcm from missing signal edge to alarm on gpo erroneously active i cp1 time on reference failure 8 0 8 ns temporary frequency glitch due to reference failure 0.03 ppm i cp1 = 1 ma, c12 = 4.6 nf, crystek cvpd -952 vcxo integrated frequency error due to reference failure 0.016 ppm i cp1 = 1 ma, c13 = 1 f, crystek cvpd - 952 vcxo signal valid time to clear los 9 2 3 t losval pll1 v tune leakage sources charge pump tristate leakage current 0.2 na board level xtal tune input port 0.5 na crystek cvpd - 952 vcxo board level loop filter components 2 na c12 = 4.6 nf, c13 = 1 f, r9 = 11 k ? , c15 = unpopulated holdover characteristics v tune drift over 1 sec in tristate mode 2 mv c12 = 4.6 nf, c13 = 1 f, r9 = 11 k ? , cvpd -950 vcxo holdover analog -to - digital converter (adc)/digital -to - analog converter (dac) resolution 19 mv 7 - bit, monotonic, no missing code adc/dac code 0 voltage 0.28 v adc/dac code 127 voltage 2.71 v dac temperature stability 0.07 mv/c at maximum code adc/dac integral nonlinearity (inl) ?0.11 lsbs worst case across codes holdoff timer period 1 , 10 1 2 26 t lcm holdover exit initial phase offsets 1 exit criteria = wait for low phase error the phase offset to make up after a transition from holdover to acquisition when using this feature exit action = none 4 ns exit criteria = any 11 exit action = reset dividers 1 2 t vcxo assumes n2 > 3 and dividers are reset upon exit; note that vcxo lags at start; value applies as the starting phase error if dac assisted release is used exit action = none n1 t vcxo dividers are not reset upon exit holdover exit characteristics 1 , 12 dac assisted release period per step (t dacassist ) 1/2 1/16 t lkd based on lock detect timer setpoint dac assisted release time 9 t dacassist time from decision to leave holdover until in fully natural acquisition; assumes no interruption by los or user delay of exit criteria 13 = wait for low phase error 14 n1/f err_vcxo sec
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 7 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments holdover exit frequency transients vs. mode peak frequency transient dac assisted release 2 ppm only available if using dac - based holdover 1 guaranteed by design and characterization. 2 see the pll1 noise calculations section f or more information on how to calculate the flicker noise for pll1. 3 see the pll1 noise calculations section for more information on how to calculate the noise floo r for pll1. 4 see the pll1 noise calculations section for more information on how to calculate the t otal phase n oise ( u nfiltered) for pll1. 5 set by external components. set the l ock detect threshold s ( pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] in register 0x0028) appropriately in the spi. 6 depends on initial phase offset (worst case is proportional to n1) and vcxo excess tuning range available over the targ et (f delta_vcxo ). for pfd rates typical of pll1, cycle slipping is normally insignificant. 7 t lcm is the least common multiple (lcm) of pll1 clock input frequencies. the specific ation is given in multiples of t lcm . 8 if los triggers before the pfd edge is normally detected (more likely with high r1 values), the charge pump is more likely to disable before the next invalid comparison occurs. otherwise, the fast tristate circuit disables the charge pump after about 4 ns (8 ns worst case) of phase error. 9 t l osval is a register value that is programmable from 1, 2, 4, , 64 t lcm . 10 if the hold off timer is used, the finite state machine ( fsm ) stays in holdover after los of the active reference before switching clocks, giving the original clock a chance to retur n. 11 t vcxo is the vcxo clock period. 12 see the pll1 holdover exit section. 13 the time required for the phases to intersect is inversely proportional to the holdover frequency error. note that the frequency error during holdover is expected to be much smalle r than is available from the tuning range of the vcxo. 14 f err_vcxo is the error frequency of the vcxo. pll2 characteristics table 5 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments pll2 vcxo input recommended swing differential 0.2 1.4 v p -p differential, keep signal at oscin and oscin pins < 2.8 v single - ended (<250 mhz) 1 0.2 1.4 v p -p k eep signal at oscin and oscin pins < 2.8 v common - mode range 1.6 2.1 2.4 v if user supplied, on - chip v cm is approximately 2.1 v vcxo input slew rate 300 mv/ns slew rates as low as 100 mv/ns are functional, but can degrade the phase noise plateau by about 3 db input capacitance 1.5 pf per side; 3 pf differential differential input resistance 100 to 1000 ? user selectable return loss ?12 db when terminated with 100 ? differential pll2 external vco input recommended input power, ac - coupled differential ?6 6 dbm single - ended 1 ?6 6 dbm return loss ?12 db when terminated with 100 ? differential external vco frequency 1 400 3200 mhz fundamental mode; if < 1 ghz, set the low frequency external vco path bit (register 0x0064, bit 0) 400 6000 mhz using external vco 2 common - mode range 1 1.6 2.1 2.2 v pll2 dividers 12- bit reference divider range (r2) 1 4095 16- bit feedback divider range (n2) 8 65,535 pll2 frequency limitations vcxo frequency (f vcxo ) 10 500 mhz 122.88 mhz or 155 mhz are typical vcxo duty cycle using doubler 1 40 60 % distortion can lead to a spur at f pd /2 offset, note that minimum pulse width > 3 ns
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 8 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments reference doubler input frequency 10 175 mhz r2 input frequency 10 500 mhz pd2 frequency (f pd2 ) 0.00015 250 mhz recommended at high end of the range for best phase noise; typically 122.88 mhz 2 pll2 charge pump current range (i cp2 ) 160 to 2560 a i cp2 setting from 0 to 15 with 160 a step size, v tune = 1.4 v i cp2 variation over pvt 25 % v tune = 1.4 v source/sink current mismatch 2 % source/sink mismatch at 1.4 v current step size 160 a compliance range 0.3 to 2.45 v i cp variation less than 10% pll2 noise profile floor fom ?232 dbc/hz normalized to 1 hz flicker fom ?266 dbc/hz normalized to 1 hz fom variation vs. pvt 3 db fom degradation 3 db at minimum vcxo slew rate pll2 flicker noise determined by formula 2 dbc/hz at f out , f offset pll2 noise floor determined by formula 3 dbc/hz at f out , f pd2 pll2 total phase noise (unfiltered) determined by formula 4 dbc/hz pll2 bandwidth and acquisition times supported loop bandwidths (pll2_bw) 10 to 700 khz set by external components vco automatic gain control (agc) settling time 1 10 20 ms time from power - up of vco before initiating calibration; this applies to the 100 nf/1 f configuration of externa l decoupling capacitors on the vco supply network vco calibration time 5 2694 t pd2 n2 from 8 to 31 779 t pd2 n2 from 32 to 256 214 t pd2 n2 from 256 to 4095 139 t pd2 n2 > 4095 temperature range postcalibration 1 ?40 +85 c maintains lock from any temperature to any temperature pll2 linear acquisition time 5/pll2_bw sec after vcxo has stopped slewing to steady state pll2 lock detect timer period 5 512 t pd2 low phase error counts to declare lock 1 guaranteed by design and characterization. 2 see the pll2 noise calculations section for more information on how to calculate the flicker noise for pll2. 3 see the pll2 noise calculations section for more information on how to calculate the noise floor for pll2. 4 see the pll2 noise calculations section for more information on how to calculate the t otal phase n oise ( u nfiltered) for pll2. 5 t pd2 is the period of phase detector 2. vco characteristics table 6 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments voltage controlled oscillator (vco) frequency tuning range, on - board vcos 1 2150 2880 mhz low vco typical coverage 2650 3550 mhz high vco typical coverage 2400 3200 mhz guaranteed frequency coverage 2 tuning sensitivity 38 to 44 mhz/v low frequency vco at 2457.6 mhz 35 to 40 mhz/v high frequency vco at 2949.12 mhz
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 9 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments open - loop vco phase noise f out = 2457.6 mhz f offset = 100 khz ?109 dbc/hz high performance mode, does not include floor contribution due to output network f offset = 800 khz ?134 dbc/hz f offset = 1 mhz ?136 dbc/hz f offset = 10 mhz ?156 dbc/hz normalized phase noise variation vs. frequency 2 db sweep across both vcos, all bands; normalize to 2457.6 mhz phase noise variation vs. temperature 2 db phase noise degradation in low performance mode 2 db 1 guaranteed by design and characterization. 2 although the device cover s this range without any gaps, for frequencies between ~2700 hz and 2900 hz, using a different vco core to synthesize the frequency can be required as process parameters shift. features are built into the HMC7044 to determine which core is selected for a given frequency that can fall in this range , but it can require software to configure these circuits appropriately. clock output distrib ution characteristic s table 7 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments clock output skew clkoutx/ clkoutx to sclkoutx/ sclkoutx skew within one clock output pair 15 |ps| same pair, same type termination and configuration any clkoutx/ clkoutx to any sclkoutx/ sclkoutx 30 |ps| any pair, same type termination and configuration clock output divider 12- bit divider range 1 4094 1, 3, 5, and all even numbers up to 4094 sysref clock output divider 12- bit divider range 1 4094 1, 3, 5 and all even numbers up to 4094; pulse generator behavior is only supported for divide ratios 32 clock output analog fine delay analog fine delay adjustment range 1 135 670 ps 24 delay steps, f clkout = 983.04 mhz resolution 25 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz (2949.12 mhz/3) maximum analog fine delay frequency 1 3200 mhz clock output coarse delay (flip flop based) coarse delay adjustment range 0 17 ? vco period 17 delay steps in ? vco period coarse delay resolution 169.54 ps f vco = 2949.12 mhz maximum frequency coarse delay 1 3200 mhz clock output coarse delay (slip based) coarse delay adjustment range 1 to vco period resolution 339.08 ps f vco = 2949.12 mhz maximum frequency coarse delay 1600 mhz 1 guaranteed by design and characterization.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 10 of 72 spur characteristics table 8 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments reference spur performance at 122.88 mhz and its harmonics ?70 dbc noise and jitter characteristics table 9 . parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments closed - loop phase noise wide loop filter for best integrated noise ssb phase noise at 2457.6 mhz 1 ?98.0 dbc/hz offset = 100 hz ?111.1 dbc/hz offset = 1 khz ?119.8 dbc/hz offset = 10 khz ?125.2 dbc/hz offset = 100 khz ?126.9 dbc/hz offset = 300 khz ?131.3 dbc/hz offset = 1 mhz ?150.0 dbc/hz offset = 5 mhz ?154.0 dbc/hz offset = 10 mhz ?156.3 dbc/hz offset = 100 mhz 44.0 fs integrated jitter = 12 khz to 20 mhz at 614.4 mhz 1 ?110.4 dbc/hz offset = 100 hz ?122.8 dbc/hz offset = 1 khz ?131.3 dbc/hz offset = 10 khz ?136.6 dbc/hz offset = 100 khz ?138.3 dbc/hz offset = 300 khz ?142.7 dbc/hz offset = 1 mhz ?157.6 dbc/hz offset = 5 mhz ?158.8 dbc/hz offset = 10 mhz ?159.2 dbc/hz offset = 100 mhz 50.0 fs integrated jitter = 12 khz to 20 mhz closed - loop phase noise narrow loop filter for best 800 khz offset ssb phase noise at 2949.12 mhz 2 ?100.9 dbc/hz offset = 100 hz ?103.8 dbc/hz offset = 1 khz ?106.9 dbc/hz offset = 10 khz ?109.9 dbc/hz offset = 100 khz ?132.3 dbc/hz offset = 800 khz ?134.5 dbc/hz offset = 1 mhz ?152 dbc/hz offset = 10 mhz ?155.3 dbc/hz offset = 100 mhz 108 fs integrated jitter = 12 khz to 20 mhz at 983.04 mhz 2 ?110.4 dbc/hz offset = 100 hz ?113.3 dbc/hz offset = 1 khz ?116.4 dbc/hz offset = 10 khz ?119.4 dbc/hz offset = 100 khz ?141.7 dbc/hz offset = 800 khz ?143.7 dbc/hz offset = 1 mhz ?157.1 dbc/hz offset = 10 mhz
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 11 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments ?157.1 dbc/hz offset = 100 mhz 102 fs integrated jitter 12 khz to 20 mhz output network floor fom cml with 100 ? internal termination (cml100) fundamental mode ?250 dbc/hz high performance divide by 1 to divide by n ?248 dbc/hz high performance divide by 1 to divide by n ?247 dbc/hz low power (4 db less power) lvpecl fundamental mode ?250 dbc/hz divide by 1 to divide by n ?247 dbc/hz lvds divide by 1 to divide by n ?244 dbc/hz high performance divide by 1 to divide by n ?243 dbc/hz low power (4 db less power) phase noise degredation due to harmonics 3 fundamental only 0.00 db third harmonic 0.25 db third and fifth harmonics 0.40 db third, fifth, and seventh harmonics 0.50 db third, fifth, seventh, and ninth harmonics 0.53 db third through 61 st harmonics 0.64 db phase noise floor and jitter phase noise floor at f out determined by formula 4 dbc/hz jitter density of floor at f out determined by formula 5 sec/hz rms additive jitter due to floor determined by formula 6 sec from f out and output channel fom 1 pll2 l ocked at 122.88 mhz 2 10, wide (600 khz) l oop f ilter for best 12 k hz to 20 m hz jitter , cml100 h igh p erformance output buffer. 2 pll2 locked at 122.88 mhz 2 12, narrow loop for best 800 hz offset, cml100 high performance output buffer. 3 when the harmonics o f the signal are captured in the measurement bandwidth of the receiving instrument/circuit, the noise power of those harmonic s can fold and influence the overall noise. their presence causes a decibel for decibel influence. f or example, if the third harmon ic is at ? 10 dbc, there is an additional noise contributor of 10 db lower than the fundamental at all offsets that folds in - band and causes a 0.2 db hit overall. the influence of the harmonics factoring into the degradation is primarily a function of the frequency of the buffer bandwidth relative to the third , fifth , and se venth harmonics. as the output frequency reduces, more harmonics fall into the observation bandwidth, and the degradation worsens, but only slightly. this ef fect produces a penalty of 0.65 db maximum if harmonics u p to the 61 st harmonic is included . 4 see the phase noise floor and jitter section for more information on how to calculate the phase noise floor. 5 see the phase noise floor and jitter section for more information on how to calculate the j itter density of floor . 6 see the phase noise floor and jitter section for more information on how to calculate the rms additive jitter due to floor. clock output driver characteristics table 10. parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments cml mode (low power) r l = 100 ? , 9.6 ma ?3 db bandwidth 1950 mhz differential output voltage = 980 mv p - p diff output rise time 175 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 145 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 185 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 145 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) differential output voltage magnitude 1390 mv p - p diff f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) 1360 mv p - p diff f clkout = 983.04 mhz (2949.12 mhz/3) common - mode output voltage v cc ? 1.05 v f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) cml mode (high power) r l = 100 ? , 14.5 ma 3 db bandwidth 1400 mhz differential output voltage = 1410 mv p - p diff output rise time 250 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 165 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 255 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 170 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80%
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 12 of 72 parameter min typ max unit test conditions/comments output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) differential output voltage magnitude 2000 mv p - p diff f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) 1800 mv p - p diff f clkout = 983.04 mhz (2949.12 mhz/3) common - mode output voltage v cc ? 1.6 v f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) lvpecl mode r l = 150 ? , 4.8 ma 3 db bandwidth 2400 mhz differential output voltage = 1240 mv p - p diff output rise time 135 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 130 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 135 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 130 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) differential output voltage magnitude 1760 mv p - p diff f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) 1850 mv p - p diff f clkout = 983.04 mhz (2949.12 mhz/3) common - mode output voltage v cc ? 1.3 v f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) lvds mode (low power) 1.75 ma maximum operating frequency 600 mhz differential output voltage = 400 mv p - p diff output rise time 135 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 100 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 135 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 95 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) differential output voltage magnitude 390 mv p - p diff f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) common - mode output voltage 1.1 v f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) lvds mode (high power) 3.5 ma maximum operating frequency 1700 mhz differential output voltage = 650 mv p - p diff output rise time 145 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 105 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 145 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% 100 ps f clkout = 983.04 mhz, 20% to 80% output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) differential output voltage magnitude 750 mv p - p diff f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) 730 mv p - p diff f clkout = 983.04 mhz (2949.12 mhz/3) common - mode output voltage 1.1 v f clkout = 245.76 mhz (2949.12 mhz/12) cmos mode maximum operating frequency 600 mhz single - ended output voltage = 940 mv p - p diff output rise time 425 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% output fall time 420 ps f clkout = 245.76 mhz, 20% to 80% output duty cycle 1 47.5 50 52.5 % f clkout = 1075 mhz (2150 mhz/2) output voltage high v cc ? 0.07 v load current = 1 ma v cc ? 0.5 v load current = 10 ma output 0.07 v load current = 1 ma 0.5 v load current = 10 ma 1 guaranteed by design and characterization.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 13 of 72 absolute maximum rat ings table 11. parameter rating vcc1 _vco , vcc2 _out , vcc3 _sysref , vcc4 _out , vcc5 _pll1 , vcc6 _oscout , vcc7 _pll2 , vcc8 _out , vcc9 _out ? 0.3 v to +3.6 v maximum junction temperature (t j ) 125c maximum peak reflow temperature 260c thermal resistance ( channel to ground paddle ) 7c/w storage temperature range ? 65c to +150c operating temperature range ? 40c to +85c esd sensitivity level human body model class 1c charged device model 1 class 3 1 per jesd22 - c101 - f (cdm) standard. stresses at or above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. operation beyond the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability. esd caut ion
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 14 of 72 pin configuration an d function descripti ons 13033-002 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 clkout0 notes 1. exposed p ad. connect the exposed p ad t o a high qualit y rf/dc ground. clkout0 sclkout1 sclkout1 reset sync bgabyp1 ldobyp2 ldobyp3 vcc1_vco ldobyp4 ldobyp5 sclkout3 sclkout3 clkout2 clkout2 17 vcc2_out 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 vcc7_pll2 cpout2 ldobyp7 oscin oscin ldobyp6 oscout1 oscout1 clkin2/oscout0 clkin2/oscout0 vcc6_oscout clkin0/rfsyncin clkin0/rfsyncin vcc5_pll1 clkin1/fin clkin1/fin 35 rsv 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 slen sclk sdat a vcc3_sysref sclkout5 sclkout5 clkout4 clkout4 vcc4_out clkout6 clkout6 sclkout7 sclkout7 gpio1 cpout1 clkin3 34 clkin3 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 vcc9_out clkout12 clkout12 sclkout13 sclkout13 gpio4 gpio3 sclkout 1 1 sclkout 1 1 clkout10 clkout10 vcc8_out clkout8 clkout8 sclkout9 sclkout9 52 gpio2 HMC7044 t op view (not to scale) figure 2 . pin configuration table 12 . pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic type 1 description 1 clkout0 o true clock output channel 0 . default dclk profile. 2 clkout0 o complementary clock output channel 0 . default dclk profile. 3 sclkout1 o true clock output channel 1. default sysref profile. 4 sclkout1 o complementary clock output channel 1. default sysref profile. 5 reset i device reset input. active high. for normal operation, set reset to 0. 6 sync i synchronization input. this pin is used for multichip synchronization. if not used, set sync to 0. 7 bgabyp1 band gap bypass capacitor connection. connect a 4.7 f capacitor to ground. this pin affects all internally regulated supplies. 8 ldobyp2 ldo bypass 2. connect a 4.7 f capacitor to ground . the internal digital supply is 1.8 v. this pin is the ldo bypass for the pll1, pll2, and sysref sections. 9 ldobyp3 ldo bypass 3. connect a 4.7 f capacitor to ground . this pin is the 2.8 v supply to pll1, phase frequency detector 1 (pfd1), charge pum p 1 (cp1), rf synchronization (rfsync), and pin 36 buffers. 10 vcc1_vco p 3.3 v supply for vco and vco distribution. 11 ldobyp4 ldo bypass 4. connect a 1 f capacitor to ground. this pin is the first stage regulator for the vco supply. 12 ldobyp5 ldo bypass 5. connect a 100 n f capacitor to ldobyp4. this pin is the vco core supply voltage. 13 sclkout3 o true clock output channel 3. default sysref profile. 14 sclkout3 o complementary clock output channel 3. default sysref profile. 15 clkout2 o true clock output channel 2. default dclk profile. 16 clkout2 o complementary clock output channel 2. default dclk profile. 17 vcc2_out p power supply for clock group 1 (southwest) channel 2 and channel 3. see the clock grouping, ske w, and crosstalk section. 18 slen i spi latch enable .
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 15 of 72 pin no. mnemonic type 1 description 19 sclk i spi clock. 20 sdata i/o spi data. 21 vcc3_sysref p power supply for common sysref divider. 22 sclkout5 o true clock output channel 5. default sysref profile. 23 sclkout5 o complementary clock output channel 5. default sysref profile. 24 clkout4 o true clock output channel 4. default dclk profile. 25 clkout4 o complementary clock output channel 4. default dclk profile. 26 vcc4_out p power supply for clock group 2 (south) channel 4 , channel 5, channel 6, and channel 7. see the clock grouping, ske w, and crosstalk section. 27 clkout6 o true clock output channel 6. default dclk profile. 28 clkout6 o complementary clock output channel 6. default dclk profile. 29 sclkout7 o true clock output channel 7. default sysref profile. 30 sclkout7 o complementary clock output channel 7. default sysref profile. 31 gpio1 i/o programmable general - purpose input / output 1. 32 cpout1 o pll1 charge pump output. 33 clkin3 i true reference clock input 3 of pll1 . 34 clkin3 i complementary reference clock input 3 of pll1 . 35 rsv r reserved pin. this pin must be tied to ground. 36 clkin1/fin i true reference clock input 1 of pll1 / external vco input for external vco mode. 37 clkin1 / fin i complementary reference clock input 1 of pll1 /complementary external vco input for external vco mode. 38 vcc5_pll1 p power supply for ldo, used for pll1 . 39 clkin0/rfsyncin i true reference clock input 0 of pll1 / rf synchronization input with deterministic delay. 40 clkin0 / rfsyncin i complementary reference clock input 0 of pll1 /complementary rf synchronization input with deterministic delay. 41 vcc6_oscout p power supply for oscillator output path. 42 clkin2/oscout0 i/o true reference clock input 2 (bidirectional pin ) of pll1 /buffered output 0 of oscillator input. 43 clkin2 / oscout0 i/o complementary reference clock input 2 (bidirectional pin ) of pll1 /complementary buffered output 0 of oscillator input. 44 oscout1 o true buffered output 1 of oscillator input. 45 oscout1 o complementary buffered output 1 of oscillator i nput. 46 ldobyp6 ldo bypass , connect a 4.7 f capacitor to ground . this pin is the ldo bypass for r2, n2, phase frequency detector 2 (pfd2), charge pump 2 (cp2), and the pll2 loop filter. 47 oscin i true feedback input to pll1. this pin is a r eference input to pll2 . 48 oscin i complementary feedback input to pll1. this pin is a r eference input to pll2 . 49 ldobyp7 ldo bypass. connect a 4.7 f capacitor to ground . this pin is the ldo bypass for the vcxo buffer and frequency doubler os cillator output divider. 50 cpout2 i/o pll2 charge pump output. 51 vcc7_pll2 p p ower supply for ldo for pll2 . 52 gpio2 i/o programmable general - purpose input/output 2. 53 sclkout9 o true clock output channel 9. default sysref profile. 54 sclkout9 o complementary clock output channel 9. default sysref profile. 55 clkout8 o true clock output channel 8. default dclk profile. 56 clkout8 o complementary clock output channel 8. default dclk profile. 57 vcc8_out p power supply for clock group 3 (north) channel 8 , channel 9, channel 10, and channel 11. see the clock grouping, ske w, and crosstalk section. 58 clkout10 o true clock output channel 10. default dclk profile. 59 clkout10 o complementary clock output channel 10. default dclk profile. 60 sclkout11 o true clock output channel 11. default sysref profile. 61 sclkout11 o complementary clock output channel 11. default sysref profile. 62 gpio3 i/o programmable general - purpose input/output 3. sleep input by default. 63 gpio4 i/o programmable general - purpose input/output 4. pulse generator request by default. 64 sclkout13 o true clock output channel 13. default sysref profile.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 16 of 72 pin no. mnemonic type 1 description 65 sclkout13 o complementary clock output channel 13. default sysref profile. 66 clkout12 o true clock output channel 12. default dclk profile. 67 clkout12 o complementary clock output channel 12. default dclk profile. 68 vcc9_out p power supply for clock group 0 (northwest) channel 0, channel 1 , channel 12, and channel 13. see the clock grouping, ske w, and crosstalk section. ep exposed pad. connect the exposed pad to a high quality rf/dc ground. 1 o is output, i is input, p is power, and i/o is input/out put.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 17 of 72 typical performance characteristics unless otherwise noted, pfd pll1 = 7.68 mhz, pfd pll2 = 122.88 mhz 2; i cp1 = 1.92 ma, i cp2 = 2.56 ma (wide loop), i cp2 = 1.12 ma (narrow loop), pll1 loop bw ~ 70 hz, pll2 wide loop bw 650 khz, pll2 narrow loop bw 215 khz, pll2 narrow loop filter = 1.1 nf | 160 33 nf; pll2 wide loop filter = 150 pf | 430 4.7 nf; pll1 loop filter = 4.7 nf | 10 f 1.2 k. ?70 ?60 ?50 ?40 ?80 ?90 ?100 ?110 ?120 ?130 ?140 ?150 ?160 ?180 ?170 100 10 1 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m 13033-003 phase noise (dbc/hz) frequency (hz) noise: analysis range x: band marker analysis range y: band marker intg noise: ?66dbc/20mhz rms noise: 696rad 0.004 rms jitter: 45fs residual fm: 1.6khz 3 4 5 1 2 1: 1khz, ?107.8dbc/hz 2: 10khz, ?119.5dbc/hz 3: 100khz, ?124.7dbc/hz 4: 1mhz, ?131.5bc/hz 5: 10mhz, ?153.1dbc/hz 6: 20mhz, ?154.4dbc/hz 7: 20mhz, ?154.4dbc/hz x: start 12khz stop 20mhz center 10mhz span 20mhz pll1 cascaded pll1 + pll2 6 7 figure 3. cascaded phase noise at 2457.6 mhz, pll2 wide loop bandwidth ?70 ?80 ?90 ?100 ?110 ?120 ?130 ?140 ?150 ?160 ?170 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m 13033-005 phase noise (dbc/hz) frequency (hz) 1: 1khz, ?105.3dbc/hz 2: 10khz, ?108.5dbc/hz 3: 100khz, ?111.4dbc/hz 4: 800khz, ?134.2dbc/hz 5: 1mhz, ?136.5dbc/hz 6: 10mhz, ?153.3dbc/hz 7: 20mhz, ?154.6dbc/hz x: start 12khz stop 20mhz center 10mhz span 20mhz wide loop narrow loop 3 4 5 6 2 noise: analysis range x: band marker analysis range y: band marker intg noise: ?56.9dbc/20mhz rms noise: 2.0rad .116 rms jitter: 131fs residual fm: 1.5khz 7 1 figure 4. phase noise at 2457.6 mhz, narrow vs. pll2 wide loop bandwidth ?70 ?80 ?90 ?100 ?110 ?120 ?130 ?140 ?150 ?160 ?170 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m 13033-004 phase noise (dbc/hz) frequency (hz) 1: 1khz, ?110.4dbc/hz 2: 10khz, ?120.0dbc/hz 3: 100khz, ?124.9dbc/hz 4: 1mhz, ?131.2dbc/hz 5: 10mhz, ?153.2dbc/hz 6: 20mhz, ?154.5dbc/hz 7: 20mhz, ?154.5dbc/hz x: start 12khz stop 20mhz center 10mhz span 20mhz noise: analysis range x: band marker analysis range y: band marker intg noise: ?66.1dbc/20.0mhz rms noise: 702rad .040 rms jitter: 45fs residual fm: 1.6khz 3 4 5 2 crystek vcxo wenzel vcxo 1 6 7 figure 5. pll2 phase noise vs. frequency, vcxo quality at 2457.6 mhz, w ide loop bandwidth ?160 ?150 ?140 ?130 ?120 ? 1 10 ?100 ?90 ?80 ?70 ?60 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m phase noise (dbc/hz) frequenc y (hz) t o t a l p l l 1 n o i s e (simul a ted) p f d /c p n o i s e (simul a ted) w e n z e l r e f (simul a ted) v cxo (simul a ted) t o t a l p l l 1 n o i s e (measured) 13033-008 figure 6. closed - loop phase noise at 122.88 mhz, pll1 measurement vs. simulated, clean reference source, ~70 hz loop bandwidth 80 phase margin ?160 ?150 ?140 ?130 ?120 ? 1 10 ?100 ?90 ?80 ?70 ?60 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k phase noise (dbc/hz) frequenc y (hz) t o t al p l l 1 output (simul a ted) p f d /c p n o i s e (simul a ted) nois y source (simul a ted) v cxo (simul a ted) nois y source, open loo p (measured) t o t al p l l 1 n o i s e (measured) 13033-009 figure 7 . closed - loop phase noise a t 122.88 mhz, pll1 measurement vs. simulated, noisy reference source, ~70 hz loop bandwidth, 80 phase margin ?170 ?165 ?160 ?155 ?150 ?145 ?140 ?135 ?130 ?125 ?120 100 600 1 100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 phase noise (dbc/hz) frequenc y (mhz) 800 k hz w i d e l o o p 800 k hz n ar r o w l o o p 20log ( 800 k hz w i d e l o o p ) 20log ( 800 k hz n ar r o w l o o p ) 13033-006 figure 8 . phase noise vs. frequency at common output frequencies
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 18 of 72 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 100 600 1 100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 jitetr (fs) frequenc y (mhz) jitter w i d e l o o p jitter n a r r o w l o o p 13033-007 figure 9. 12 khz to 20 mhz jitter vs. frequency, wide loop and narrow loop at common output frequencies ?105 ?100 ?95 ?90 ?110 ?115 ?120 ?125 ?130 ?135 ?140 ?145 ?150 ?160 ?155 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m 13033-021 phase noise (dbc/hz) frequency (hz) noise: analysis range x: band marker analysis range y: band marker intg noise: ?66.4dbc/20mhz rms noise: 678rad .039 rms jitter: 44fs residual fm: 1.5khz 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 8: 100hz, ?99.8dbc/hz 1: 1khz, ?111.1dbc/hz 2: 10khz, ?119.8dbc/hz 3: 100khz, ?125.2dbc/hz 7: 300khz, ?126.9dbc/hz 4: 1mhz, ?131.3bc/hz 5: 10mhz, ?153.1dbc/hz 6: 32.8mhz, ?156.3dbc/hz x: start 12khz stop 20mhz center 10mhz span 20mhz 8 figure 10 . phase noise, clkoutx/ clkoutx = 2457.6 mhz, optimized for best integrated jitter (12 khz to 20 mhz) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 k vco (mhz/v) vco v tune (v) 2865 . 72 m h z 3511 . 86 m h z 2115 . 38 m h z 2627 . 75 5 m h z c a p = 0 l o w v co c a p = 31 l o w v co c a p = 0 h i g h v co c a p = 31 h i g h v co 13033-010 figure 11 . vco gain (k vco ) vs. vco v tune 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2050 2250 2450 2650 2850 3050 3250 3450 3650 vco v tune (v) frequenc y (mhz) l o w v c o ?40c l o w v c o + 25c l o w v c o + 85c h ig h v c o ?40c h ig h v c o + 25c h ig h v c o + 85c 13033-011 figure 12 . vco v tune vs. frequency 100m 1g 3g differentia l output vo lt age (v p-p diff) frequenc y (hz) 13033-112 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 l v p e cl cm l 100 h igh cm l 100 l o w l v d s high cm o s (not in differentia l mode) figure 13 . differential output voltage vs. frequency at different modes differentia l output vo lt age (v p-p diff) frequenc y (ghz) 13033-012 0 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.35 1.50 1.65 1.80 1.95 2.10 2.25 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 l v p e cl cm l 100 h igh cm l 100 l o w l v d s high figure 14 . differential output voltage vs. frequency at different modes
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 19 of 72 100m 1g 3g differentia l output power (v p-p diff) 13033-013 frequenc y (hz) ?40c + 25c + 85c 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 figure 15 . lvpecl differential output voltage vs. frequency at different temperatures ?0.4 ?0.3 ?0.2 ?0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 clkout0/clkout0 vo lt age (v) time (ns) 13033-017 figure 16 . differential clkout0/ clkout0 at 2457 mhz, lvpecl ?1.0 ?0.8 ?0.6 ?0.4 ?0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time (ns) 13033-018 clkout0/clkout0 vo lt age (v) figure 17 . differential clkout0/ clkout0 voltage at 614.4 mhz, lvpecl 10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 del a y ste p size (ps) del a y ste p ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-020 figure 18 . analog delay step size vs. delay step over temperature, lvpecl at 1474.56 mhz ?200 ?100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 fund dis 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 analog del a y (ps) del a y setting ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-019 fund: fundamen t al mode a t 2949mhz dis: analog del a y is disabled a t 1474mhz figure 19 . analog delay vs. delay setting over temperature, lvpecl at 1474.56 mhz 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 delay step size (ps) delay step ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-119 figure 20 . analog delay step size vs delay step over temperature, lvpecl at 3072 mhz with digital delay = 0
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 20 of 72 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 a n a log d e l a y ( p s) d e l a y s e tt i n g 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 24 ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-120 figure 21 . analog delay vs. delay setting over temperature, lvpecl at 3072 mhz with digital delay = 0 10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 delay step size (ps) delay step ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-121 figure 22 . analog delay step size vs delay step over temperature, lvpecl at 3072 mhz with digital delay = 1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 700 a n a log d e l a y ( p s) d e l a y s e tt i n g 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 24 ?40c + 25c + 85c 13033-122 figure 23 . analog delay vs. delay setting over temperature, lvpecl at 3072 mhz with digital delay = 1 ?0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 ?0.6 ?0.4 ?0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 200 400 600 800 1000 clock grou p v alid phase alarm vo lt age (v) clock ouput vo lt age (v) time (ns) clkout0 clkout2 valid phase alarm 13033-014 figure 24 . output channel synchronization before and after rephase ?0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 ?0.6 ?0.4 ?0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 330 335 340 345 350 clock grou p v alid phase alarm vo lt age (v) clock output vo lt age (v) time (ns) clkout0 clkout2 valid phase alarm 13033-015 figure 25 . output channel synchronization before rephase ?0.6 ?0.4 ?0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 695 700 705 710 715 clock grou p v alid phase alarm vo lt age (v) clock output vo lt age (v) time (ns) clkout0 clkout2 valid phase alarm 13033-016 ?0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 figure 26 . output channel synchronization after rephase
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 21 of 72 typical application circuits 100? 0.1f 0.1f downstream device l vds output high impedance input HMC7044 13033-022 figure 27 . ac - coupled lvds output driver 0.1f 0.1f downstream device cm l output high impedance input 13033-028 HMC7044 100? 100? vcc 100? 0.1f 0.1f downstream device cm l output high impedance input 13033-026 HMC7044 100? 100? vccx_out 100? 0.1f 0.1f self biased re f , vcxo inputs 13033-030 HMC7044 figure 30 . clkin0/ clkin0 , clkin1/ clkin1 , clkin2/ clkin2 , clkin3/ clkin3 , and oscin/ oscin input, differential mode 100? downstream device l vds output high impedance input 13033-023 HMC7044 figure 31 . dc - coupled lvds output driver downstream device ( l vpecl) l vpecl- com pa tible output 13033-025 HMC7044 50? 50? 50? gnd figure 32 . dc - coupled lvpecl output driver cm l output HMC7044 100? 100? vccx_out 13033-027 downstream device (cml) figure 33 . dc - coupled cml (internal) output driver 0.1f 13033-031 HMC7044 3.3v driver 47?
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 22 of 72 terminology phase jitter an ideal sine wave can be thought of as having a continuous and even progression of phase with time from 0 to 360 for each cycle. actual signals, however, display a certain amount of variation from i deal phase progression over time. this phenomenon is phase jitter. although many causes can contribute to phase jitter, one major cause is random noise, which is characterized statistically as being gaussian (normal) in distribution. this phase jitter lead s to the energy of the sine wave in the frequency domain spreading out, producing a continuous power spectrum. this power spectrum is usually reported as a series of values whose units are dbc/hz at a given offset in frequency from the sine wave (carrier). the value is a ratio (expressed in decibels) of the power contained within a 1 hz bandwidth with respect to the power at the carrier frequency. for each measurement, the offset from the carrier frequency is also given. phase noise it is meaningful to in tegrate the total power contained within some interval of offset frequencies (for example, 10 khz to 10 mhz). this is the integrated phase noise over that frequency offset interval and can be readily related to the time jitter due to the phase noise within that offset frequency interval. phase noise has a detrimental effect on the performance of adcs , dacs, and rf mixers. it lowers the achievable dynamic range of the converters and mixers, although they are affected in somewhat different ways. time jitter phase noise is a frequency domain phenomenon. in the time domain, the same effect is exhibited as time jitter. when observing a sine wave, the time of successive zero crossings varies. in a square wave, the time jitter is a displacement of the edges from t heir ideal (regular) times of occurrence. in both cases, the variations in timing from the ideal are the time jitter. because these variations are random in nature, the time jitter is specified in seconds root mean square (rms) or 1 sigma of the gaussian d istribution. time jitter that occurs on a sampling clock for a dac or an adc decreases the signal - to - noise ratio (snr) and dynamic range of the converter. a sampling clock with the lowest possible jitter provides the highest performance from a given conver ter. additive phase noise additive phase noise is the amount of phase noise that is attributable to the device or subsystem being measured. the phase noise of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted, which makes it possible to predict the d egree to which the device impacts the total system phase noise when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contributes its own phase noise to the total. in many cases, the phase noise of one element dominates the system phase noise. when there are multiple contributors to phase noise, the total is the square root of the sum of squares of the individual contributors. additive time jitter additive time jitter is the amount of time jitter that is attributable to the d evice or subsystem being measured. the time jitter of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted, which makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device impacts the total system time jitter when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contributes its own time jitter to the total. in many cases, the time jitter of the external oscillators and clock sources dominates the system time jitter.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 23 of 72 theory of operation the HMC7044 is a high performance, dual - loop, integer n jitter attenuator capable of performing frequency translation, reference sele ction, and generation of ultralow phase noise references for high speed data converters with either parallel or serial (jesd204b type) interfaces. the device is designed to meet the requirements of demanding base station designs, and offers a wide range of clock management and distribution features to simplify baseband and radio card clock tree designs. the HMC7044 uses a dual - loo p architecture, where two integer mode plls are connected in series to form a jitter attenuating clock multiplier unit. the high performance dual - loop topology of the HMC7044 enables the wireless/rf system designer to attenuate the incoming jitter of a primary system reference clock (for example, common public radio interface? (cpri) source) and generate low phase noise, high freq uency clocks to drive data converter sample clock inputs. the HMC7044 provides 14 low noise and configurable outputs to offer flexibility in interfacing with many different components in a n rf trans - ceiver system, such as data converters, local oscillators, transmit/receive modules, fpgas , and digital front - end (dfe) asics. the first pll in the HMC7044 is designed for low bandwidth configuration using appropriately selected external loop filter components, and internal charge pump bias settings to achiev e less than a few hundred hz bandwidth, typically. the exact bandwidth roll - off points depend on the frequency spectrum of noise that must be attenuated in the system. the first pll locks an external vcxo and provides the clock holdover functions and the r eference frequency to the high performance second pll loop. the combination of the loops provides an excellent clock generation unit with the capability to attenuate incoming reference clock jitter. the second pll loop features two overlapping on - chip vcos that are spi selectable with center frequencies at 2.5 ghz and 3 ghz, respectively. both vcos are designed to have wide tuning ranges for broad output frequency coverage. the desired output frequency is set by the chosen vcxo frequency, vco core (higher o r lower frequency core), and the programmed second pll feedback divider and output channel divider values. the HMC7044 generate s up to seven dclk and sysref clock pairs per the jesd204b interface requirements. the system designer can generate a lower number of dclk and sysref pairs, and configure the remaining output signal paths as desired, either as dclks or additional sysrefs o r other reference clocks with independent phase and frequency adjustment . frequency adjustment can be accomplished by selecting the appropriate output divider values . one of the unique features of the HMC7044 is the independent flexible phase management of each of the 14 channels. using a combination of divider slip - based, digital/coarse and analog/fine delay adjustments, each cha nnel can be programmed to have a different phase offset. the phase adjustment capability allows the designer to offset board flight time delay variations, data converter sample window matching, and meet jesd204b synchronization challenges. the output signa l path design of the HMC7044 is implemented to ensure both linear phase adjustment steps and minimal noise perturbation when ph ase adjustment circuits are turned on. one of the key challenges in jesd204b system design is ensuring the synchronization of data converter frame alignment across the system, from the fpga or dfe to adcs and dacs through a large clock tree that can compri se multiple clock generation and distribution ics. the HMC7044 is specifically designed to offer features to address this chall enge. using the sysref valid interrupt feature, the wait time latency can be reduced in the fpgas. the HMC7044 raises this flag through its gpo port when all counters are set and outputs are at the desired phases. additionally, an external reference - based synchronization feature (sync via pll2 or rf sync only in fanout mode) synchronizes multiple devices, that is, it ensures that all clock outputs start with same rising edge. this operation is achieved by rephasing the sysref control unit deterministi - cally, and then restarting the output dividers with this new desired phase. offering excellent crosstalk, frequenc y isolation, and spurious performance, the device generates independent frequencies in both single - ended and differential formats. the four input reference options allows up to three backup frequency sources, with hitless switching and holdover capabilitie s, supporting system redundancy and uninterrupted operation on reference data and clock failures. the device also features dedicated oscillator fanout mode for best clock isolation, which generates multiple copies of the vcxo clock to be distributed across the board with excellent frequency isolation. both the dclk and sysref clock outputs can be configured to support different signaling standards , including cml, lvds, lvpecl , and lvcmos , and different bias conditions to offset varying board insertion losse s. the outputs can also be programmed for ac or dc coupling and 50 or 100 internal and external termination options. the hm c7044 is programmed via a 3 - wire serial port interface (spi) and powers up with a default configuration that generates valid output frequencies within the vco tuning ranges regardless of whether a reference clock exists. the HMC7044 is offered in a 68 - lead, 10 mm 10 mm, lfcsp package with the exposed pad to ground. note that, throughout this data sheet, multifunction pins, such a s clkin0/rfsyncin, are referred to either by the entire pin name or by a single function of the pin, for example, clkin0, when only that function is relevant.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 24 of 72 detailed block diagr am clkin0/rfsyncin in0 prescaler (1 t o 255) rfsyncin/ rfsyncin clkin0/rfsyncin clkin1/fin clkin1/fin r1 divider (1 t o 65535) phase detec t or charge pum p pll1 r2 divider (1 t o 4095) n2 divider (8 t o 4095) sysref timer los detect holdover n1 divider (1 t o 65535) 2 in1 prescaler (1 t o 255) fin/ fin oscin oscin analog del a y clkin3 clkin3 spi oscout1 oscout1 in3 prescaler (1 t o 255) cpout1 p artial l y integr a ted loo p fi l ter interna l vco 2 vco1 ~ 2500mhz vco2 ~ 3000mhz cpout2 fin/fin oscinbuf clk distribution pa th clkout0 clkout0 sclkout1 sclkout1 clkin2/oscout0 clkin2/oscout0 in2 prescaler (1 t o 255) osc divider 1, 2, 4, 8 divider 1, 2 2 mux mux mux vco mux ext vco ref mux phase detec t or charge pum p pll2 sync/pulsor contro l t o leaf dividers coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y clkout2 clkout2 sclkout3 sclkout3 clkout8 clkout8 sclkout9 sclkout9 mux mux coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y sync gpi spi oscinbuf rfsyncin/ rfsyncin fsm mux mux analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode analog del a y clkout4 clkout4 sclkout5 sclkout5 clkout10 clkout10 sclkout 1 1 sclkout 1 1 mux mux coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y mux mux analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode fundamen t a l mode ldos analog del a y clkout6 clkout6 sclkout7 sclkout7 clkout12 clkout12 sclkout13 sclkout13 mux mux coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y bg a byp1 ldo byp2 ldo byp3 ldo byp4 ldo byp5 ldo byp6 ldo byp7 spi sd at a sclk slen alarm gener a tion device contro l gpio1 gpio2 sync reset gpio3 gpio4 coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) analog del a y mux mux analog del a y coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) coarse digi t a l del a y cycle slip/ sync divider (1 t o 4094) vcxo prescaler (1 t o 255) 13033-032 figure 35 . top level diagram
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 25 of 72 dual pll overview the HMC7044 uses a cascade of two plls, referred to as a dua l loop topology. the term dual loop sometimes refer s to other architectures as well; therefore, always refer to the block diagram shown in figure 35 to remove any ambiguity. in this architecture, the first pll (pll1) normally operates as a jitter attenuator. pll1 locks a clean local vcxo to a relatively noisy reference using a very narrow loop bandwidth. the loop bandwidth preserves the average frequency of the reference signal (which is normally correct), while rejecting the majority of its noise. the second pll takes this low noise vcxo and multiplies it up to the vco frequency (in the 2 ghz to 3 ghz range) with very little additive noise. the architecture provides the benefits of an output frequency locked to an input reference signal, while being insensitive to its noise profile. in ics such as the HMC7044 , the vco is then connected to an array of output channels, each with an optional rf divider and phase control. the key feature that distinguishes an ic with jesd204b support is the ability to ensure that all of the outputs with their associated dividers have a user defined phase relationship each and every time, regardless of process, voltage, or temperature . this ability is necessary to support the jesd204b s erdes standard for data converters, but it is also an immensely useful feature in other applications as well, in all forms of arrayed systems and in many test and measurement scenarios. component blocks input pll (pll1) pll1 general description (jitter att enuator) a variety of local clocks, particularly in synchronous networks, derive their timing from a remote node in the network. these reference signals can arrive via a gps or clock data recovery (cdr) receiver, or from a variety of other sources. often, these derived references are relatively poor quality, in terms of spurious content, noise, and reliability. the function of pll1 is to lock a clean vcxo to the average frequency of one of these references and feed it to pll2 to generate a high quality cloc k for local use. in addition, pll1 monitors its active reference for failure and smoothly takes appropriate action, switching to a redundant reference or going into holdover as appropriate. figure 36 shows the architecture of pll1 with a typical frequency configuration. jitter attenuation for the purpose of jitter attenuation, pll1 consists of all the usual components in a pll: a phase/frequency detect or (pfd1), charge pump (cp1), reference divider (r1), and feedback divider (n1). the loop filter is external to provide maximum flexibility, and the loop bandwidth (bw) is normally configured very narrow (20 hz to 500 hz) to filter any jitter and spurious tones coming in from relatively poor references. the noise profile of pll1 is typically dependent on the loop bandwidth, input reference noise, and the vcxo characteristic. the inherent noise sources of pll1 (the pfd, dividers, and charge pump) are not nor mally observable in an application, and are significantly more relaxed compared with pll2. note that the loop filter components on the board are typically configured to produce a certain loop bandwidth, given a fixed pfd rate, charge pump current, and vcxo characteristic. adjusting any of these parameters from their nominal positions affects the loop dynamics, which can be to the advantage of the user (for example, to scale loop bw with charge pump current), but it must not be performed without an analysis of the stability of the loop. analog devices, inc., provides a variety of software tools to design the loop filter and model the effects of any change in parameters. contact analog devices for the latest recommendation. the lock time of pll1 typically take s the longest duration in the clock network, and, aside from any nonlinear slewing, takes approximately 5/pll1_bw (for example, 5 ms for a 1 khz loop bw). fortunately, there are no requirements that pll1 must be locked before proceeding with pll2, output c alibration, and phasing, which normally allows system configuration to continue in parallel while pll1 is settling.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 26 of 72 61.44mhz lockdet pll1 fsm reset rst up down tris ta te rst set r1 cyclesli p force v tune main t ain_holdover los 122.88mhz 38.4mhz lcm dividers t o pll2 cycle sli p detected (t o pll1 fsm) 61.44mhz 9.76mhz d 0 q pfd1 phase error >~4ns? cp1 loo p fi l ter vcxo 122.88mhz n1 com p ar a t or force v tune lockdet t o fsmi lockdet main t ain holdover adc/dac contro l dac 13033-033 figure 36 . pll1 architecture with a typical frequency configuration lock detect the lock detect circuit in both pll1 and pll2 function the same way. they count the number of consecutive clock cycles in which the phase error at the pfd is below a threshold. any phase error above this threshold resets the counter, and the count is restarted. when the count reaches its programmed limit, the lock detect signal is issued and the clock of the counter is gated off to reduce power/coupling until a large phase error res tarts the process. although the pll2 loop bw is relatively well defined, the pll1 loop bw can vary widely in any given application. the spi word, pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] in register 0x0028, configures the pll1 lock detect timer and looks for 2 pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] consecutive lcm clock cycles with a phase - error <~4 ns to issue the lock detect. because the loop bw of pll1 can vary drastically depending on the application, the user must set up the threshold such that 2 pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] lcm periods is on the order of 2 to 4 the loop time constant. for example, for f lcm = 61.44 mhz, and a loop bw of 200 hz, set pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] = 19 or 20. if the value is set much higher, the lock detect circuit takes an unnecessary length of tim e to indicate lock after the phases stabilize. if the value is set much lower (for example, much less than a loop time constant), it can improperly indicate lock during acquisition, which can cause the pll1 finite state machine (fsm) to improperly fall in and out of holdover mode. holdover/reference switching overview when switching between redundant references, or when all references are gone and the pll1 is left open loop, there are often requirements to prevent frequency deviations that can cause downst ream circuits and traffic links to overrun fifos and/or lose lock themselves. pll1 can operate in manual or automode (via the automode reference switching bit). in manual mode, the user selects the active reference using manual mode reference switching[ 1:0] in register 0x0029 and determines whether to go into holdover (via the force holdover bit). in automode, the pll1 fsm uses the loss of signal (los) information, phase error data, lock detect, and configuration data from the spi to determine how to han dle reference interruptions. in either mode, all status indicators are available, but pll1 only takes evasive action in automode. figure 37 shows a sim plified state diagram of the pll1 fsm. during reset, pll1 is held in the initialization (init) state. when reset is deasserted, during the preload state, the enabled reference paths, the reference priority table, and los indicators are examined to select t he best reference, and, on the next cycle, it attempts to lock. after the requisite number of counts has elapsed with low phase error, lock detect is asserted and pll1 transitions to the locked state. when pll1 is locked, a loss of lock, los on the ac tive reference, or a reference switch event initiated by a priority clash transitions the fsm to enter holdover, where it tristates the cp and potentially forces v tune with the holdover dac. when a stable clock is available and other optional conditions are met , the fsm exits holdover. exiting holdover is handled in one of a few different ways, designed to minimize phase/frequency hits during the transition. figure 37 shows a simplification of the pll1 fsm. in the actual implementa tion, the holdover state is broken into a number of subsections corresponding to holdover entry, stable holdover conditions, and holdover exit. the state of the pll1 fsm is always available for a read via the spi (pll1 fsm state[2:0] bits in register 0x0082).
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 27 of 72 init reset preload locking lockdet los active ref not lockdet at least one reference ok and best available reference is selected [and phases crossed zero (optional)] [and dac assisted release complete (optional)] or just entered holdover (HMC7044 . for this reason, hysteresis in the input buffers prevents internal toggling for signal swings <~75 mv p-p differential, which allows further elements in the pll1 architecture to cleanly recognize the interruption and prevent unwanted transients in the frequency. pll1 los detection the HMC7044 checks the validity of a reference by comparing its approximate frequency vs. the vcxo. the HMC7044 supports references at different frequencies. the first step is to divide the available references and the vcxo to the lowest common multiple frequency (f lcm ). these divider settings are available via the spi control bits (clkinx/ clkinx input prescaler[7:0] and oscin/ oscin input prescaler[7:0]). in the example shown in figure 36, f lcm = 61.44 mhz. the vcxo derived clock at f lcm is the main clock to the pll1 fsm controlling the fsm, lock detect timer, and adc/dac filtering and holdover circuits. although not required, using the vcxo clock allows the los detection and pll1 fsm to operate at a higher rate than the pfd, allowing it to recognize a reference failure early and enter holdover, sometimes before a failing reference that has started to drift in either phase or frequency (or both) can influence the pfd or cp. the dividers in the los block, and to some extent, r1, pose a few challenges. the input frequencies are up to 800 mhz, with a wide divider range. furthermore, they are designed to tolerate glitchy clocks without catastrophic results, because a reset phase is not always available after an issue is detected. when all the references are divided to the same frequency, they are compared relative to the vcxo derived path, and thus each other. this comparison is performed by a circuit that looks for three edges of a clock within one period of the other. if it appears that a reference signal is too slow, its los flag is asserted and, in automode, pll1 uses this information to disqualify and/or abandon a reference. conversely, if it appears that the vcxo is too slow according to any of the active references, a warning is generated (available as one of the configurable options for the gpo, or readable on the spi) but no automated action occurs. the HMC7044 monitors reference signals for three edges of a clock within one period of the other, instead of the more intuitive two edges, to avoid false los flags as clocks that are slightly out of frequency cross each other in phase in the presence of interference, noise, and circuit offsets. the result is that the los triggers when the failing reference clock frequency is approximately an octave from the intended frequency. after a reference signal returns and its frequency is within an octave of the vcxo, two to three cycles of the los validation timer must expire before the los flag is deasserted and the reference is considered for potential use. the los validation timer is programmable between 0 lcm cycles (no hysteresis), and 64 lcm cycles via los validation timer[2:0] in register 0x0015, bits[2:0].
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 28 of 72 pll1 holdover entry shortcut when a reference fails, the los circuit takes a number of lcm clock cycles to recognize the problem and to request the pll1 fsm enter holdover and tristate the cp. by that time, if one of the missing edges is needed to trigger the r divider output, the pfd and cp have already saturated, pulling current out of the loop filter for these cycles, and disturbing the holdover frequency. the probabilit y of this happening decreases as the pfd rate decreases relative to f lcm , but it is not eliminated. the HMC7044 includes a uniq ue feature to prevent this type of frequency runaway. a sensor watches the up/down pulses from the pfd (see figure 35 ). when locked, the pulse width is small, based on any small signal error, pfd/cp offset, and the reset delay of the pfd. if the device is in the locked state and has a phase error that is larger than expected (~4 ns), it is a sign that the reference has failed, and the device immediately tristates the pump, reducing the amount of time charge can be extracted from the loop from about five lcm cycles (162 ns at 30.72 mhz) to <4 ns. this error indication also invalidates the lock detect. when the fsm acknowledges the issue, it holds the cp in tristate. when using the optional dac - based holdover, the fsm instructs the adc/dac that is tracking the v tune voltage to switch from sense mode to force mode, holding it steady to within 1 lsb (about 20 mv or 0.4 ppm) until the HMC7044 senses a stable reference and transitions ou t of holdover. pll1 holdover steady state when in the holdover state, the user has the following two options: ? tristate the cp ? tristate the cp and engage the holdover dac when in tristate mode, the HMC7044 has a very high impedance charge pump output (~10 g). this output is normally an insignificant contributor to pll1 v tune leakage, which is determined primarily by the on - board l oop filter components and the vcxo tuning port. this mode allows the tuning voltage to maintain itself for significant periods while in holdover. to accommodate indefinite periods in holdover, or to ensure v tune is driven and not susceptible to drift, the second option (set via the holdover uses dac bit in register 0x0029, bit 2) forces the v tune voltage to its time averaged value, obtained by low - pass filtering the adc value while the pll is reporting lock. the holdover sensing adc and the driving dac are seven bits each, and have an lsb of approximately 19 mv. pll1 holdover exit the transition out of holdover can happen in three ways and is controlled by the holdover exit criteria[1:0] bits and the holdover exit action[1:0] bits in register 0x0016 (see the control register map bit descriptions section for details), which describes the steps that the fsm takes as the HMC7044 exits holdover and acquires lock. the recommended methods are as follows: ? wait for zero phase error (no divider reset): wait for los = 0 and low phase error at pfd (holdover exit criteria[1:0] = 1 , holdover exit action[1:0] = 1) ? resetting the dividers: wait for los = 0 and reset the r1/n2 dividers (holdover exit criteria[1:0] = 0, holdover exit action[1:0] = 0) ? dac assisted release: wait for los = 0, reset r1 /n2, and configure for dac assisted release (holdover exit criteria[1:0] = 0, holdover exit action[1:0] = 3) wait for zero phase error while the cp is still in tristate, the fsm monitors the pdf for a cycle slip indication as the candidate reference and v cxo signal cross each other. the crossing of the reference and vcxo phases eventually occurs but can take a long time, as determined by the inherent frequency error due to an imperfect holdover. just after a cycle slip event, the phase error at the pfd is at its minimum value, and there is minimal glitch as the pll reacquires. figure 38 shows an example where the reference is removed and pll1 goes into tristate - based holdover. after approximately 7 sec, the reference is restored and, about a second later, the phases cross an d the pll reacquires, all with less than 0.15 ppm of deviation from the original frequency value. 1.0 0.8 0.2 ?0.4 ?1.0 1 4 time (seconds) 7 9 10 13033-035 0.6 0 frequency deviation from nominal (ppm) ?0.6 0.4 ?0.2 ?0.8 0 2 5 3 6 8 75,67$7(+2/'29(502'(6(&21'6 enable reference and lock figure 38 . frequency deviation from nominal vs. time of tristate holdover entry and exit when the phases cross zero this first met hod of uncontrolled release suffers from an indeterminate amount of time for the phases to cross and exit holdover. however, if it takes 1 sec for the phases to cross, the frequencies are off by only 1 hz. if it takes 10 sec to cross, the error is 0.1 hz. if the error is so low that it takes a long time to exit holdover, the device is effectively frequency locked. in some applications, being open - loop for this long of a duration can be acceptable, considering the very small frequency errors. although this m ethod of holdover exit is very smooth, it can take a very long time to occur.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 29 of 72 resetting the dividers if using tristate - based holdover, the second holdover exit method is recommended. when a reference appears available (los = 0), the fsm resets the r and n dividers and allows them to restart immediately. this approach limits the maximum phase error coming out of holdover to two vcxo cycles (about 8 ns for typical vcxo frequencies). there is no need to wait an undetermined amount of time (as in the first m ethod of uncontrolled release) to initiate the switch. dac assisted release if using dac - based holdover, the dac and cp can set v tune concurrently as the devices exits holdover. with the dac output impedance at a relatively low setting (for example, 5 ?), the device resets the dividers as in the second method, and then the cp attempts to influence v tune . the cp fails, with the dac sinking the current it is trying to inject into the v tune node. gradua lly, the device increases the output impedance of the dac, and the cp gains more influence to manipulate v tune , pulling the phases into alignment. using this dac assisted cp release method limits the holdover exit transients to within ~1 ppm. figure 39 to figure 41 compare the holdover release methods: resetting the dividers vs. dac assi sted release, and uncontrolled release (which starts with a phase error of up to one pfd period) as the device exits holdover and reacquires to a reference signal. 20 16 4 ?8 ?20 ?10 10 40 time (ms) 70 90 13033-036 12 0 frequency deviation from nominal (ppm) ?12 8 ?4 ?16 0 20 50 30 60 80 reset divs figure 39 . resetting the dividers 20 16 4 ?8 ?20 ?10 10 40 time (ms) 70 90 13033-136 12 0 frequency deviation from nominal (ppm) ?12 8 ?4 ?16 0 20 50 30 60 80 dac release figure 40 . dac assisted release 20 16 4 ?8 ?20 ?10 10 40 time (ms) 70 90 13033-236 12 0 frequency deviation from nominal (ppm) ?12 8 ?4 ?16 0 20 50 30 60 80 do nothing figure 41 . wait for zero phase error (no divider reset) pll1 programming considerations configuring reference inputs for pll1 vs. other uses to use the four reference clocks for pll1, the input buffer must be enabled and selected as a relevant path for pll1. table 13 . input buffer and reference path settings bit name description buffer enable enable the input buffer (where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, or v for vcxo) via register 0x000a to register 0x000e pll1 reference path enable[3:0] select one of four available reference paths for pll1 because the clkin0/rfsyncin, clkin0 / rfsyncin , clkin1/fin, and clkin1 / fin pins can be configured for output network purposes, and the clkin2/oscout0 and clkin2 / oscout0 pins can function as oscillator outputs, the spi bits in table 14 must be configured accordingly.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 30 of 72 table 14 . reference clock input bit settings bit name description clkin0/ clkin0 in rf sync input mode 0 = clkin0/ clkin0 does not function as an rf sync input clkin1/ clkin1 in external vco input mode 0 = clkin1/ clkin1 does not function as external vco (fin/ /fin ) oscout0/ oscout0 dr iver enable 1 = oscout0/ oscout0 buffer does not drive clkin2/ clkin2 pins choosing f pd1 although pll1 supports a wide range of pfd frequencies, there are trade - offs with setting the frequency too high or too low. a few megahertz is high enough to allow the comparison frequency to stay at an offset outside of the pll2 loop bw and thus suppress any coupling that manages to bypass the pll1 loop filter. choosing f lcm at a minimum, f lcm must be a common submultiple of all available references. typical frequencies include 122.88 mhz, 61.44 mhz, 38.4 mhz, 30.72 mhz, 3.84 mhz, and 1.92 mhz. this f lcm clock is the main clock for the pll1 digital logic. this clock rate also scales the pll1 lo ck detect timer speeds/thresholds, holdover adc averaging times, and los assertion and revalidation delays. higher frequencies slightly improve the response times to reference interruptions, whereas lower frequencies can slightly reduce current consumption of the device by up to ~10 ma. values in the 30 mhz to 70 mhz range are recommended. program the pll1 lock detect timer threshold based on the pll 1 loop bw and f lcm of the user. there are reserved registers, as described in the control register map bit descriptions section, that must be reprogram med from their default values. for example, register 0x00a5 must be set from 0x00 to 0x06. component blocks output pll (pll2) pll2 overview pll2 is a very low noise integer pll designed to multiply the frequency from the vcxo to the vco. it typically oper ates with a loop bw of 10 khz to 700 khz. use bandwidths on the lower end of the range to preserve the inherent vco phase noise at 800 khz offset (useful in gsm - based systems), where bandwidths on the upper end can provide the best integrated phase noise/j itter values. internally, pll2 has a number of features that allow it to efficiently achieve a banerjee floor fom of ?232 dbc and a flicker fom of ?266 dbc. the combination of the on - board vco, an internal vcxo doubler, a low n2 minimum divide ratio, and t he ability to clock the pfd at up to 250 mhz results in an integrated jitter (at 12 khz to 20 mhz) of 44.0 fs typical. pll2 has the following features: ? lock detect ? frequency doubler ? partially integrated loop filter ? vco selection, external vco use ? vco cal ibration ? multichip synchronization via pll2 lock detect the lock detect function of pll2 behaves the same way as in pll1. it counts the number of consecutive pfd clock cycles that occur with a low phase error. when it reaches a count of 512, it declares lo ck. the threshold of 512 is adjustable, but because the pll2 loop bw does not vary as much as pll1, it is expected that the user never needs to change this threshold. frequency doubler the user can engage a frequency doubler after the vcxo buffer and befor e the reference divider (see figure 35 ). the frequency doubler assumes an approximate 50% input duty cycle, where any duty cycle distortion can result in a spur, at f pd2 /2, sup - pressed by the pll2 loop filter. use of the frequency doubler is highly recommended to achieve the best spectral performance, provided the pfd is kept under its 250 mhz frequency limit. partially integrated loop filter although t he large components for the pll2 loop filter are off chip, there is a small on - chip resister/capacitor (rc) section formed with r = 80 and c = 4.7 pf in series. this rc section forms a higher order pole at ~420 mhz. for practical condi - tions, this filter segment does not affect the stability of the loop. off-chi p c p vco 4.7pf ? 13033-037 figure 42 . on - chip rc circuit figure 43 shows the vco input network. de pending on the frequency band of interest (2.5 ghz or 3.0 ghz), the user must specify which vco to enable via the vco selection[1:0] spi word. to use the clkin1 / fin pin as an external vco signal, program this word to 0, and set the clkin1/ clkin1 in external vco input mode bit.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 31 of 72 vco selection, external vco use au t oca l vco enable[1:0] = 10 vco enable[1:0] = 01 clkin1/clkin1 in externa l vco input mode = 1 ~2.5ghz vco ~3.0ghz vco t o pll2 n2 divider t o output network 2 divide b y 2 on externa l vco enable 13033-038 figure 43 . vco input network vco calibration the on - board vcos contain an agc loop that regulates the core voltage of the oscillator to achieve the desired swing and thus the trade - off between phase - noise and power consump - tion. this agc loop uses large external bypass capacitors to eliminate the noise impact of the agc loop, and therefore takes time to settle after power - up, sleep, or after changing the vco selection[1:0] setting. with the 100 nf/1 f configuration, settling time takes approximately 10 ms (typical). each of the vcos in the HMC7044 has 32 frequency bands. normally, three or more subbands can synthesize any particular frequency, and an on - board autotune algorithm selects the solution that provides tuning margin for temperature fl uctuations. temp - erature compensation is applied inside to ensure the device can be calibrated at any frequency and maintain lock as the frequency i s carried to any other frequency in the operating range. the autotune is triggered by toggling the restart d ividers/fsms bit in register 0x0001, bit 1, after r2 and n2 are programmed, the vcxo is applied, and the vco peak detector loop has settled. when the vcxo is applied to the system and the r2 and n2 divide ratios are programmed, the autotune algorithm has t he information needed to find the appropriate band of the vco. multichip synchronization via pll2 to synchronize multiple hmc7 044 devices together, it is recom - mended to use the sync input pin. if the sync pin transitions from 0 to 1 with sufficient setup/hold margin with respect to the vcxo, this synchronization event is deterministi cally carried through pll2, up the timing cha in through the n2 divider, and then to the master sysref timer (see the clock output network section for more information). this mechanism of deterministic phase adjustment allows synchronization of the sysref timer and output phases of multiple HMC7044 d evices. apply the sync input rising edge only once. after sensing the rising edge on the vcxo domain, the sync input is ignored for the next 16 6 t pd2 periods as the fsm processes the event. after this period expires, the fsm becomes sensitive again to t he sync pin. if the sync is applied periodically, the first edge initializes the synchronization process, and then the subsequent edges may or may not be recognized depending on their width/repetition rate with respect to 16 6 t pd2 . note that the sync ri sing edge must be provided cleanly with respect to the HMC7044 vcxo input pin (oscin/ oscin ). the user normall y has access to the clkinx/ clkinx pins of pll1, and not to the vcxo signal directly. when pll1 is locked, however, the vcxo rising edge is roughly aligned to the pll1 active reference, and, therefore, the user has indirect knowledge of th e phase of the vcxo. the vcxo is also available as an output of the HMC7044 , if the user wants to retime the sync signal more d irectly. the phase offset of the pll1 active reference with respect to the vcxo is a function of the internal delay of each path. this base delay offset is a function of deterministic conditions (lcm, r1, n1 divider setpoints, termination setups, and slew rates), but is also subject to pvt variations that compress or exaggerate this offset. for most practical purposes, the multichip synchronization feature is limited to pll1 reference rates <200 mhz. clock output network in the HMC7044 , pll1 is responsible for frequency cleanup, redundancy, and hitless switching. pll2 and the vcos handle integrated jitter and performance at an 800 khz offset. although the pll1/pll2 and vcxo components are important, much of the uniqueness of a jesd204b clock generation chip relates to its array of output channels. in a device such as the HMC7044 , some of the output network requirements include the following: ? very good phase noise floor of the dclk channels that can be connected to critical data converter sample clock inputs ? a large number of dclk and sysref channels ? deterministic phase alignment between all output channels relative to one another ? fine phase control of synchronization channels with respect to the dclk channel ? frequency coverage to satisfy typical clock rates in expectant systems ? skew between sysref and dclk channels that is much less than a dclk period ? spur and crosstalk performance that does not impact system budgets
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 32 of 72 the HMC7044 output network also supports the following recommended features, which are sometimes critical in user applications: ? deterministic synchronization of the output channels with respect to an external signal, which allows multichip synchronization and clean expansion to larger systems ? pulse generator behavior to temporarily generate a synchronization pulse stream at user request ? flexibility to define unused jesd204b sysref and dclk channels fo r other purposes ? glitchless phase control of signals relative to each other ? 50% duty cycle clocks with odd division ratios ? multimode output buffers with a variety of swings and termination options ? skew between all channels that is much less than a dclk per iod ? adjustable performance vs. power consumption for less sensitive clock channels ? flexibility to use an external vco for very high performance application requirements each of the 14 output channels are logically identical. the only distinction between th e sysref and dclk channels is in the spi configuration and in how they are used. each channel contains independent dividers, phase adjustment, and analog delay circuits. this combination provides the ultimate flexibility, cleanly accommodating nonjesd204b devices in the system. in addition to the 14 output channel dividers, there is an internal sysref timer that continually operates, and the synchronization of the output channel dividers occurs deterministically with respect to this timer, which can be reph ased externally by the user. the pulse generator functionality of the jesd204b standard involves temporarily generating sysref output pulses, with appropriate phasing, to downstream devices. the centralized sysref timer and its associated sync/pulse genera tor control manage the process of enabling the intended sysref channels, phasing them, and then disabling them for signal integrity and power saving advantages. d q rf sync sysref input network pulse gener a t or request (from spi, gpi, or sync pin) reset sync request (from spi or gpi) sync_fsm_s ta te output channe l 14 vco pa th sync from pll2 n divider (due t o sync pin event) sysref timer sync/ pulse gener a t or contro l leaf controller clock ga ting divider digi t al del a y and retime 13033-039 figure 44 . clock output network simplified diagram
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 33 of 72 basic output divider channel each of the 14 output channels are logically identical, and support divide ratios from 1 to 4094. the supported odd divide ratios (1, 3, 5) have 50.0% duty cy cle. the only distinction between a sysref channel and a dclk channel is in the spi configura - tion and the typical usage of a given channel. for basic functionality and phase control, each output path consists of the following: ? divider generates the logic signal of the appropriate frequency and phase ? digital phase adjust adjusts the phase of each channel in increments of ? vco cycles ? retimer a low noise flip flop to retime the channel, removing any accumulated jitter ? analog fine delay provides a number of ~ 25 ps delay steps ? selection mux selects the fundamental, divider, or analog delay, or an alternate path ? multimode output buffer low noise lvds, cml, cmos, or lvpecl the digital phase adjuster and retimer launch on either clock phase of the vco, depending on the digital phase adjust setpoint (coarse digital delay[4:0]). to support divider synchronization, arbitrary phase slips, and pulse generator modes, the following blocks are included: ? a clock gating stage pauses the clock for synchronization or slip o perations ? an output channel leaf (14) controller manages slip, synchronization, and pulse generators with information from the sysref fsm each channel has an array of control signals. some of the controls are described in table 15. system wide broadcast signals can be triggered from the spi or general - purpose input (gpi) port to issue a sync command (to align dividers to the system internal sysref timer), issue a pulse generator stream, (temporarily exporting sysref signals to receivers), or to cause the dividers to slip a number of vco cycles to adjust their phases. individual dividers can be made sensitive to these events by adjusting their slip enable, sync enable, and start - up mode[1:0] configuration, as described in table 16. when output buffers are configured in cmos mode and phase alignment is required among the outputs, additional multislip delays must be issued for channel 0, channel 3, channel 5, channel 6, channel 9, channel 10, and channel 13. the value of the delay must be as large as half of the selected divider ratio. note that this requirement of havi ng additional multislip delays is not needed when channels are used in lvpecl, cml or lvds mode. if a channel is configured to behave as a pulse generator, to temporarily power up and power down according to gpi, spi, or sync pin pulse generator commands, it has additional controls to define its behavior outside of the pulse generator chain (see table 17). each divider has an additional phase offset register that adjusts its start phase, or to influence the behavior of slip events sent via the spi (see table 18 ). table 19 outlines the typical configuration combinations for a dclk channel relative to a sysref synchronization channel. note that other combinations are possible. synchronization of downstream devic es can be managed manually, or by using the pulse generator functionality of the HMC7044 . see the typical programming sequence section for more information about the differences between the two methods.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 34 of 72 table 15 . basic divid er controls bit name description channel enable channel enable. if 0, the channel is disabled. if 1, the channel can be enabled depending on the settings of start - up mode[1:0], seven pairs of 14 - channel outputs enable[6:0], and sleep mode. 12- bit channel divider[11:0] divide ratio. 12- bit divide ratio, split across two words (msb and lsb). set to 0 if not using the channel divider (output mux selection[1:0] = 2 or 3). high performance mode high performance mode. adjusts divider and buffer bias to slightly improve swing/phase noise at the expense of power. the performance advantage is about 1 db, and the current penalty depends on whether the divider is enabled. coarse digital delay[4:0] digital delay. adjusts th e phase of the divider signal by up to 17 ? cycles of the vco. this circuit is practically noiseless; however, note that a low amount of additional current is consumed. fine analog delay[4:0] analog delay. adjusts the delay of the divider signal in increm ents of ~25 ps. set output mux selection[1:0] = 1 to expose this channel. causes phase noise degradation of up to 12 db; therefore, do not use on noise sensitive dclk channels. output mux selection[1:0] output mux selection. 00 = divider channel, 01 = analog delay, 10 = other channel of pair, 11 = input vco clock. fundamental mode can be generated with the divider (12 - bit channel divider[11:0] = 1), or via output mux selection[1:0] = 10 and 12 - bit channel divider[11:0] = 0. because the divider path cons umes power and degrades phase noise slightly, the fundamental mux path is recommended, but at a cost of a deterministic skew vs. a path that is divider based. such skew can be compensated for with delay (digital and analog) on the divider - based path. table 16 . channel features bit name description slip enable slip enable. a channel processes slip requests broadcast from the spi or gpi (or, if multislip enable = 1, initiated following a recognized sync or pulse generator startup). sync enable sync enable. a channel processes synchronization events broadcast from the spi or gpi or due to sync/rf sync (via the sysref fsm) to reset its phase. this signal can be safely toggled on and off to adjust sync sensitivity without risking the state of the divider. start - up mode[1:0] 00 = asynchronous (normal mode). the divider starts with uncontrolled phase. it is rephased by sync events if sync enable = 1. 11 = dynamic ( pulse generator mode). the d ivider monitors pulse generator events broadcast from the sysref controller. it is powered up just before a pulse generator chain, rephased at the start, and powered down after the pulse generator chain. this is only supported for divide ratios > 31. table 17 . pulse generator mode behavior options bit name description dynamic driver enable dynamic output buffer enable ( pulse generator mode only). 0 = the output buffer is simply enabled/disabled with the main channel enable. 1 = the output buffer enable is controlled together with the channel divider, which allows it to dynamically power down outside pulse generator events. force mute[1:0] force mute for dynamic mode. if 10, and the channel enable is true (channel enable = 1), the signal just before the output buffer is asynchronously forced to logic 0 when not generating pulses. otherwise, if 00, outputs are forced to float naturally to v cm . to see the effect of this, the output buffer must be enabled, which is dependent on the dynamic driver enable and start - up mode[1:0] controls. logic 0 is supported for cml, lvpecl and cmos driver modes.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 35 of 72 table 18 . multislip configuration bit name description multislip enable allow multislip. this bit d etermines whether the 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:0] parameter is used for multislip operations. note that a multislip operation is automatically started following a sync or pulse generator initiation if multislip enable = 1. 12- bit multislip digital delay[11:0] multislip amount . if multislip enable = 1, any slip events (caused by gpi, spi, sync, or pulse generator events) repeat the number of times set by 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:0] to adjust the phase by the mult islip amount vco cycles. a value of 0 is not supported if multislip enable = 1. note that phase slips are free from a noise and current perspective, that is, no additional power is needed and with no noise degradation, but they take some time to occur. e ach slip operation takes a number of nanoseconds to complete, and thus the phases do not necessarily stabilize immediately. an alarm is available for the user to indicate when all phase operations are complete. table 19 . typical configuration combinations bit name dclk pulse generator sysref manual sysref nonjesd204b 12- bit channel divider[11:0] small big big any start - up mode bit normal pulse generator normal normal fine analog delay[4:0] off optional optional off coarse digital delay[4:0] optional optional optional optional slip enable optional optional optional optional multislip enable optional off optional optional high performance mode optional off off optional sync enable on on on optional dynamic driver enable dont care on dont care dont care force mute[1:0] dont care on dont care dont care synchronization fsm/pulse generator timing the block diagram showing the interface of the sync/pulse generator control to the divider channels and the internal sysref timer is shown in figure 44 the sysref timer counts in periods defined by sysref timer110, a 12 - bit setting from the spi it sequences the enable, reset, and startup, and disables the downstream dividers in the event of sync or pulse generator requests program the sysref timer count to a submultiple of the lowest output frequency in the clock network, and not faster than 4 mhz to synchronize divider channels, it is recommended, though not required, that the sysref timer110 bits be set to a related frequency that is either a factor or multiple of other frequencies on the ic the pulse generator is defined with respect to the periods of this sysref timer, not with respect to the output period this leads to timing constraint that must be considered to prevent any runt pulses f rom affecting the pulse generator stream figure 46 shows the start - up behavior of an example divider that is configured as a pulse generator, with a period matching the internal sysref period the startup of the pulse stream occurs a fixed number of vco cycles after the fsm transitions to the start phase disabling the pulse generator stream where the logic path is forced to zero comes from a combinational path, directly from the fsm because the divider has the option for nearly arbitrary phase adustment, it provides the opportunity for the stop conditio n to arrive when the pulse stream is a logic 1, and creates a runt pulse for phase offsets of zero to 50 8 vco cycles, and vco frequencies 3 ghz, this condition is met naturally within the design for fanout only mode 3 ghz, it is recommended to use digital delay or slip offsets to increase the natural phase offset and avoid the stress condition the situation is avoided by never applying phase offset more than 50 8 vco cycles to an output channel configured as a pulse generator
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 36 of 72 clear reset rf_sync or pll2 sync sync request pulse generator request wait startup pulse generator timeout? sync setup pulse generator setup notify channel fsm what type of event is coming done power dividers/sync blocks, pause blocks, reset latches remove latch reset, prepare to start clocks start clocks, with clean timing, small pipeline delay wait until the number of pulse generator cycles expires remove power 13033-041 figure 45 . synchronization fsm flowchart fsm s ta te st artu p divider channe l fixed number of vco cycles from s ta te change t o s t artu p , and an y intentiona l digi t al/analog offset if mute signa l arrives quick l y rel a tive t o signa l train, no runt pulse pulse gener a t or = 2 done fsm s ta te st artu p divider channe l if contro l is t oo l a te rel a tive t o signa l train, there is a runt pulse pulse gener a t or = 2 done 13033-042 figure 46 . start - up behavior of an example divider configured as a pulse generator clock grouping, ske w, and crosstalk although the output channels are logically independent, for physical reasons, they are first grouped into pairs called clock groups. each clock group shares a reference, an input buffer, and a sync retime flip flop originating from the vco distribution network. the second level of grouping is according to the supply pin. clock group 1 (channel 2 and channel 3) are on an independ - ent supply, and the other supply pins are each responsible for two clock groups. as the output channels are more tightly coupled (by sharing a clock group, or by sharing a supply pin), the skew is minimized. however, the isolation between those channels suffers. table 20 shows t he clock grouping, and table 21 show the typical skew and isolation that can be expected and how it scales with distance between output channels. isolation improves as either the aggressor or affected frequencies decreases. nevertheless, for particularly important clock channels where spurious tones must be minimized, carefully consider their frequency and channel configurations to isolate continu - ously running frequenc ies onto different supply domains. channels configured as pulse generators are normally not an issue, because they are disabled during normal operation.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 37 of 72 table 20 . supply pin clock grouping by location supply pin location clock group channel vcc2_out southwest 1 2 3 vcc4_out south 2 4 5 3 6 7 vcc8_out north 4 8 9 5 10 11 vcc9_out northwest 6 12 13 0 0 1 table 21 . typical skew and isolation vs. distance distance typical skew (ps) 1 ghz isolation differential (db) distant supply group 20 90 to 100 closest neighbor on different supply group 15 70 shared supply 10 60 same clock group 10 45 output buffer details figure 47 shows the clock groups by supply pin location on the package with appropriate supply pin bypassing, spurious noise of the outputs is improved table 20 describes how the supply pins of each of the 14 clock channels are connected within the seven clock groups clock channels that are closest to each other have the best channel to channel skew performance, but they also have the lowest isolation from each other select critical signals that require high isolation from each other from groups with distant supply pin locations an example of the expected isolation and channel to channel skew performance of the HMC7044 at 1 ghz is provided in table 21 north vcc9_out clkout0, clkout0 sclkout1, sclkout1 reset and sync bgabyp1 ldobyp2 ldobyb3 vcc1_vco ldobyp4 ldobyp5 sclkout3, sclkout3 clkout2, clkout2 vcc2_out vcc7_pll2 cpout2 ldobyp7 oscin, oscin ldobyp6 oscout1, oscout1 clkin2/oscout0, clkin2/oscout0 vcc6_oscout clkin0/rfsyncin, clkin0/rfsyncin vcc5_pll1 clkin1/fin, clkin1/fin gpio3, gpio4 sclkout 1 1, sclkout 1 1 sclkout13, sclkout13 clkout10, clkout10 vcc8_out clkout8, clkout8 sclkout9, sclkout9 gpio2 spi vcc3 sysref sclkout5, sclkout5 clkout4, clkout4 vcc4_out (ch4, ch5, ch6, ch7 clkout6, clkout6 sclkout7, sclkout7 gpio1 cpout1 clkin3, clkin3 southwest northwest south 13033-043 clkout12, clkout12 figure 47 . clock grouping sysref valid interrupt one of the challenges in a jesd204b system is to control and minimize the latency from the primary system controller ic, typically an asic or fpga, to the data converters to estimate the correct amount of latency in the system, the designer must know how long it takes for a master clock generator like the HMC7044 to provide the correct output phases at each output channel after r eceiving the synchronization request typically, a period of time is required on the device to implement the change requests on the outputs due to internal state machine cycles, data transfers, and any propagation delays the sysref valid interrupt is a fu nction to notify the user that the correct output settings and phase relationships are established, allowing the user to identify quickly that the desired sysref and device clock states are presented at the outputs of the HMC7044 the user has the flexibility to assign the sysref valid interrupt to a gpo pin or to use a software flag, set via register 0x007d, bit 2, which the user can poll as necessary the flag notifies the user when the system is configured and operating in the desired state, or conversely when it is not ready
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 38 of 72 reference buffer det ails input termination network common for all input buffers the four reference input buffers to pll1, as well as the vcxo input buffer, share similar architecture and control features. the input termination network is configurable to 100 , 200 , and 2 k differentially. it is typically ac - coupled on the board, an d uses the on - chip resistive divider to set the internal common - mode voltage, v cm , to 2.1 v. by closing the 50 termination switch (see figure 48 ), t he network also serves as the termination system for an lvpecl driver. although the input termination network for the four pll1 reference buffers and the vcxo input buffer is identical, the buffer behind the network is different. 2.8v 4k? 5k? 50? 50?, 100?, 1k? 50?, 100?, 1k? 1pf 13033-045 figure 48 . on - chip termination network for vcxo and reference buffers pll1 reference buffer stages the pll1 reference buffers use a cmos input stage, are capable of a wide common - mode input range (0.4 v to 2.4 v), and have hysteresis to support reliable l os detection. these buffers are designed to be driven reliably with an input swing of >375 mv p - p diff (the half swing point of the lvds standard), and support up to 800 mhz operation. for signal swings that are below 375 mv p - p diff, the hysteresis of the buffer can engage and shut down the signal to the internal reference paths. the exact input hysteresis threshold varies as a function of common - mode level and input frequency, but generally ranges from about 75 mv p - p diff to 300 mv p - p diff. vcxo buffer stage the vcxo input buffer is implemented with a bipolar input stage to meet the stringent noise requirements of pll2. its common - mode input range is tighter and, if set externally, must be kept between 1.6 v and 2.4 v. this buffer does not have hysteresi s and is functional down to very low signal levels. although the buffer remains functional down to these low signal levels, for optimal performance, keep the input power greater than ?4 dbm when driven single - ended, or ?7 dbm per side when driven different ially. recommendations for normal use for both styles of buffer, unless there are extenuating circum - stances in the application, use the 100 differential termination to control reflections, use the on - chip dc bias network to set the common - mode level, an d externally ac couple the input signals. do not use receiver side dc termination of the lvpecl signal. single - ended operation the buffers support single - ended signals with a slightly reduced input sensitivity and bandwidth. if driving these buffers single - ended, ac couple the unused section of the buffer to ground at the input of the die. maximum signal swing considerations the internal supplies to these buffers are regulated from 3.3 v to 2.8 v using on - chip regulation. with very high power refer ences, th e signal swing can be enough to drive the signal above the 2.8 v rail. the esd network and parasitic diodes are generally able to shunt the excess power, and protect the internal circuits even above 13 dbm. nevertheless, to protect from latch - up concerns, the signals on reference inputs must not exceed the 2.8 v internal supply. for a 2.1 v common - mode, 50 single - ended source, this 2.8 v limit allows ~700 mv of amplitude, or 6 dbm of maximum reference power. typical programming sequence to initialize the HMC7044 to an operational state, use the following programming procedure: 1. connect the HMC7044 to the rated power supplies. no specific power supply sequencing is necessary. 2. release the hardware reset by switching from logic 1 to logic 0) when all supp lies are stable. 3. load the configuration updates (provided by analog devices) to specific registers (see table 74). 4. program pll2. select the vco range (high or low). then program the dividers (r2, n2, and reference doubler). 5. program pll1. set the lock detect timer threshold based on the pll1 bw of the us er system. set the lcm, r1, and n1 divider setpoints. enable the reference and vcxo input buffer terminations. 6. program the sysref timer. set the divide ratio (a submultiple of the lower output channel frequency). set the pulse generator mode configuration, for example, selecting level sensitive option and the number of pulses desired. 7. program the output channels. set the output buffer modes (for example, lvpecl, cml, and lvd s). set the divide ratio, channel start - up mode, coarse/analog delays, and performance modes. 8. wait until the vco peak detector loop has stabilized ( ~10 ms after step 4). 9. ensure that the references are provided to pll1 and the vcxo is powered. 10. issue a softw are restart to reset the system and initiate calibration. toggle the restart dividers/fsms bit to 1 and then back to 0. 11. pll1 starts to lock in parallel with pll2 going through its calibration and lock procedure. wait for pll2 to be locked (takes ~50 s in typical configurations). 12. confirm that pll2 is locked by checking the pll2 lock detect bit.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 39 of 72 13. send a sync request via the spi (set the reseed request bit) to align the divider phases and send any initial pulse generator stream. 14. wait 6 sysref periods (6 sysr ef timer[11:0]) to allow the outputs to phase appropriately (takes ~3 s in typical configurations). 15. confirm that the outputs have all reached their phases by checking that the clock outputs phases status bit = 1. 16. at this time, initialize any other devices in the system. pll1 may not be locked yet, but the small frequency offset that can result on the output of the HMC7044 is not normally severe enough to cause synchronization or initialization failures. configure slave jesd204b devices in the system to operate with the sysref signal outputs from the HMC7044 . sysref channels from the HMC7044 can either be on asynchronously, or dy namically, and can temporarily turn on for a pulse generator stream. 17. wait for pll1 to lock. this takes ~ 50 ms for a 100 hz bw (from step 11). 18. when all jesd204b slaves are powered and ready, send a pulse generator request to send out a pulse generator chain on any sysref channels programmed for pulse generator mode. the system is now initialized. for power savings and the reduction of the crosscoupling of frequencies on the HMC7044 , shut down the sysref channels. 1. program each jesd204b slave to ignore the sysref input channel. 2. on the HMC7044 , disable the individual channel enable bits of each sysref channel. to resynchronize one or more of the jesd204b slaves, use the following procedure: 1. set the channel enable (and sync enabl e bit) of the sysref channel of interest. 2. to prevent an output channel from responding to a sync request, disable the sync enable mask of each channel so that it continues to run normally without a phase adjustment. 3. issue a reseed request to phase the sysr ef channel properly with respect to the dclk. 4. enable the jesd204b slave sensitivity to the sysref channel. 5. if the sysref channel is in pulse generator mode, wait at least 20 sysref periods from step 3, and issue a pulse generator request. power supply co nsiderations the HMC7044 contains on - board regulators to shield some of the more sensitive supplies from external noise and interference as much as possible. nevertheless, the user must still take special care to the supply noise profile of the vcc1_vco supply to achieve the inte nded performance of the device. in general, a flat input noise of 200 nv/hz is an equivalent contributor to the vco noise and causes a 3 db increase in the noise profile from about 100 khz to 10 mhz when the vco is the dominant contributor. this increase e quates to a roughly one - to - one conversion from dbv to dbc/hz at a 1 mhz offset, and f out = 2.457 ghz, that is, 200 nv/hz = ?134 dbv, and the performance of the vco at 1 mhz offset at 2.4576 ghz is ~?134 dbc/hz. the psrr of the vco follows its closed - loop n oise profile; therefore, as the offset moves in and the vco profile becomes higher, the 200 nv/hz noise stays approxi mately equal to the vco. to stay suitably below the vco, a supply input with <50 nv/hz is recommended on the vcc1_vco pin across the 100 k hz to 10 mhz frequency range. the output buffers are also susceptible to supply noise, but to a lesser extent. a noise tone of ?60 dbv at a 40 mhz offset results in a ?90 dbc tone at the output of the buffers in cml mode and ?85 dbc in lvpecl mode. this re sult is a relatively flat frequency response, and these numbers are measured differentially. phase noise/spurs caused by supply noise on the output buffers do not scale with output frequency, whereas those on the vco do. table 22 lists the supply network of the HMC7044 by pin, showing the relevant functional blocks. six different usage profiles are defined for the network, not including the output channel supplies, which are accounted for separately. the values listed under profile 0 to profile 5 in table 22 and table 2 3 are the typical currents of that block or feature. if a number is not listed in a profile column, a typical profile does not exist for that block or feature, but the user can mix and match features outside of the profile list, and can determine what the power consumption is going to be given the current list ings per feature.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 40 of 72 table 22 . supply network of the HMC7044 by pin for pll1, pll2, vco, and sysref circuit block comment typical current (ma) profile 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 v cc5_pll1 clkin1/ clkin1 used as a pll1 reference 2 2 2 2 2 clkin1/ clkin1 buffer extra if used as buffer for external vco 5 5 5 clkin0/ clkin0 used as a pll1 reference 2 2 clkin0/ clkin0 buffer extra current if used as rf synchronization buffer 2 5 external vco path (f out ) 18 18 external vco path extra current for divide by 2 10 external rf synchronization path 3 3 regulator to 1.8 v, bypassed on ldobyp2 n2, digital functions 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 pll1 functions los, r1, n1, fsms 10 10 10 pll2 functions r2, n2, lock detect 17 17 17 17 sysref timer 1 1 gpo drivers in h igh speed mode 4 regulator to 2.8 v, bypassed on ldobyp3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 pll1 pfd/cp 7 7 7 pll1 dac holdover circuits 2 2 clkin2/ clkin2 buffer 2 2 clkin3/ clkin3 buffer 2 2 subtotal for vcc5_pll1 90 4 49 23 21 46 11 vcc7_pll2 regulator to 2.8 v, bypassed on ldobyp7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 pll2 pfd, doubler, and r2 and n2 outputs 21 4 21 21 21 pll2 charge pump 8 8 8 8 regulator to 2.8 v, bypassed on ldobyp6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 vcxo buffer 16 16 16 16 16 oscoutx/ oscoutx divider/mux 5 8 subtotal for vcc7_pll2 57 8 49 20 49 49 4 vcc1_vco vco distribution network minimum possible value 71 8 71 0 71 71 71 sync retiming network minimum possible value 6 8 vco regulator, bypass to ldobyp4 and ldobyp5 84 84 84 vco core subtotal for vcc1_vco 163 8 155 0 155 71 71 vcc3_sysref sysref input network 3 11 sysref counter base 12 12 12 sysref counter, sync network 4 subtotal for vcc3_sysref 27 0 12 0 0 0 12 subtotal (without output paths) 20 265 43 225 166 98 1 profile 0 = s leep m ode ; profile 1 = p ower - u p d efaults , pll1 with four reference s and pll2 locked with internal vco, sysref timer running ; profile 2 = pll1 only, o ne r eference ; profile 3 = pll 2 + vco , pll1 d isabled , profile 4 = pll2 with e xt ernal vco , pll1 d isabled , profile 5 = f anout m ode o nly, sysref running . 2 this is the incremental amount of current for the circuit when put in this mode. f or example, the clkin0/ clkin0 bu ffer used for pll1 reference path is 2 ma. if it is used as the external s ynchronization buffer instead, it is 2 + 5 ma. 3 the transient current in pll2 synchronization mode can be temporarily enabled when using external synchronization. 4 the c urrent is highly dependent on rat e of input/output and load of input/output traces. for heavily loaded traces, it is recommended to use a series resistance of ~100 ? to minimize the ir drop on the internal regulator during transitions. 5 the f unction varies from 8 ma to 14 ma depending on divide ratio. 6 a temporary current o nly .
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 41 of 72 table 23 . supply network of the HMC7044 by pin for the clock output network per output channel comment typical current (ma) profile 1 0 1 2 3 4 digital regulator and other sources 2.5 0.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 buffer lvpecl including term currents 43 43 43 43 cml100 high power including term currents 31 low power 24 lvds high power at 307 mhz 10 10 low power cmos at 100 mhz, both sections 25 channel mux included 2 digital delay off included 2 setpoint > 1 3 3 3 analog delay off included 2 0 minimum setting glitchless mode enabled 9 9 maximum setting 9 9 divider logic 0 not using divider path included 2 0 0 1 27 2 27 3 31 4 29 5 32 6 29 8 30 16 31 31 32 32 2044 32 32 sync logic 3 4 slip logic 3 4 subtotal 2.5 48 89 13 92 1 profile 0 = s leep m ode ; profile 1 = fundamental mode; profile 2 = sysref channel matched to fundamental mode ; profile 3 = lvds high power signal source from other channel ; profile 4 = w ors t case configuration for power consumption of a channel . 2 the base current consumption of the circuit (for example, mux) is included in the buffer typical current. 3 currents occur only temporarily during a synchronization event.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 42 of 72 serial control port serial port interfac e (spi) control the HMC7044 can be controlled via the spi using 24 - bit registers and three pins: serial port enable (slen) serial data input/output (sdata), and serial clock (sclk). the 24 - bit register, shown in table 24 , consists of the following: ? 1 - bit read/write command ? 2 - bit mul tibyte field (w1, w0) ? 13- bit address field (a12 to a0) ? 8 - bit data field (d7 to d0) table 24 . spi bit map msb lsb bit 23 bit 22 bit 21 bits[20:8] bits[7:0] r/w w1 w0 a12 to a0 d7 to d0 typical read cycle a typical read cycle is shown in figure 48 and occurs as follows: 1. the master (host) asserts both slen and sdata to indicate a read, followed by a rising edge sclk. the slave ( HMC7044 ) reads sdata on the first rising edge of sclk after slen. setting sdata high initiates a r ead. 2. the host places the 2 - bit multibyte field to be written to low (0) on the next two falling edges of sclk. the HMC7044 registers the 2 - bit multibyte field on the next two rising edges of sclk. 3. the host places the 13 - bit address field (a12 to a0) msb first on sdata on the next 13 falling edges of sclk. the HMC7044 registers the 13 - bit address field (msb first) on sdata over the next 13 rising edges of sclk. 4. the host registers the 8 - bit data on the next eight rising edges of sclk. the HMC7044 places 8 - bit data (d7 to d0) msb first on the next eight falling edges of sclk. 5. deassertion of slen completes the register read cycl e. typical write cycle a typical write cycle is shown in figure 49 , and occurs as follows: 1. the master (host) asserts both slen and sdata to indicate a read, followed by a rising edge sclk. the slave ( HMC7044 ) reads sdio on the first rising edge of sclk after slen. setting sdat a low initiates a write. 2. the host places the 2 - bit multibyte field to be written to low (0) on the next two falling edges of sclk. the HMC7044 registers the 2 - bit multibyte field on the next two rising edges of sclk. 3. the host places the13 - bit address field (a12 to a0), msb first on sdata on the next 13 falling edges of sclk. the HMC7044 registers the 13 - bit address field (msb first) on sdio over the next 13 rising edges of sclk. 4. the host places the 8 - bit data (d7 to d0) msb first on the next eight falling edges of sclk. the HMC7044 register the 8 - bit data (d7 to d0) msb first on the next eight rising edges of sclk. 5. the final rising edge of sclk performs the internal data transfer into the register file, updating the configuration of the device. 6. deassertion of slen completes the register write cycle. sclk 1 x read w1 w0 a12 a 1 1 a0 d7 d6 d0 2 3 4 5 16 17 18 24 13033-046 sd at a slen figure 49 . spi timin g diagram, read operation sclk 1 x write w1 w0 a12 a 1 1 a0 d7 d6 d0 2 3 4 5 16 17 18 24 sd at a slen 13033-047 figure 50 . spi timing diagram, write operation
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 43 of 72 applications informa tion pll1 noise calculati ons use the following equations to calculate the flicker noise, noise floor, and total unfiltered phase noise specifications for pll1 (see table 4 ). calcu late the flicker noise using the following equation: pn (f out , f offset ) = flicker_fom + 20 log( f out ) C 10 log( f offset ) (1) where: pn () is the phase noise. f out is the output frequency. f offset is the offset of noise frequency from the output carrier frequency. flicker_fom is the figure of merit at the flicker frequency. calculate the noise floor as follows: ( ) ( ) pd1 pd1 out pd1 out f f f fom floor f f pn log 10 log 20 _ , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = f pd1 is the phase detector frequency of pll1. floor_fom i s the figure of merit at the floor frequency. calculate the total phase noise (unfiltered) as follows: ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 10 _ 2 10 _ 10 10 log 10 , , floor pn flicker pn offset pd1 out f f f pn where pn_flicker is the phase noise at the flicker frequency. pn_floor is the phase noise at the floor frequency. pll2 noise calculations use the following equations to calculate the flicker noise, noise floor, and total unfiltered phase noise specifications for pll2 (see table 5 ). calculate the flicker noise using the following equation: pn ( f out , f offset ) = flicker_fom + 20 log( f out ) C 10 log( f offset ) (4) where: f out is the output frequency. f offset is the offset of noise frequency from the output carrier frequency. flicker_fom is the figure of merit at the flicker frequency. calculate the noise floor as follows: ( ) ( ) pd2 pd2 out pd2 out f f f fom floor f f pn log 10 log 20 _ , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = floor_fom is the figure of merit at the floor frequency. f pd2 is the phase detector frequency of pll2. calculate the total phase noise (unfiltered) as follows: ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 10 _ 2 10 _ 10 10 log 10 , , floor pn flicker pn offset pd2 out f f f pn where pn_flicker is the phase noise at the flicker frequency. pn_floor is the phase noise at the floor frequency. phase noise floor an d jitter use the following equations to calculate the phase noise floor, jitter density, and rms additive jitter due to floor specifications (see table 9 ). cal culate the phase noise floor using the following equation: pn floor = fom ochan + 10 log( f out ) + harmonic degradation + power degradation (7) where: pn floor is the phase noise floor at f out . fom ochan is the figure of merit of the output channel. harmonic degradation is the harmonics of the signal captured in the measurement bandwidth of the receiving instrument/circuit. the noise power of those harmonics can fold and influence the overall noise. power degradation results when the noise floor (?174 dbm/hz) of the measurement system approaches the noise power in the phase noise floor of the signal. for example, a phase noise value of?155 dbc/hz at 0 dbm carrier level is ?155 dbm/hz and is easily measurable. if, however, the carrier level is ?20 dbm, the phase noise of C 155 dbc/hz is ?175 dbm/hz, and is not measurable below the other noise sources in the system. calculate the jitter density at f out as follows: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = 2 10 10 2 _ _ out floor pn f floor density jitter where jitter_density_floor is the jitter density of floor at f out . calculat e the rms additive jitter due to floor using the following equation: jitter_rms_floor = jitter_density_floor observation bandwidth (9) where observation bandwidth is the desired integration bandwidth of the noise with a lower and upper bound offset from the output carrier frequency.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 44 of 72 control registers control register map register addresses that are not liste d in table 25 are not used, and writing to those registers has no effect. do not change the values of registers that are marked as reserved. when writi ng to registers with bits that are marked reserved, take care to always write the default value for the reserved bits, unless listed otherwise in the other controls subsection of table 25. table 25 . control register map addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) g lobal control 0x0000 global soft reset control reserved soft reset 0x00 0x0001 global request and mode control reseed request high performance distribution path high performance plls/vco force holdover mute output drivers pulse generator request restart dividers/ fsms sleep mode 0x00 0x0002 reserved pll2 autotune trigger slip request reserved 0x00 0x0003 global enable control reserved rf reseeder enable vco selection[1:0] sysref timer enable pll2 enable pll1 enable 0x37 0x0004 reserved seven pairs of 14 - channel outputs enable[6:0] 0x7f 0x0005 global mode and enable control sync pin mode selection[1:0] clkin1/ clkin1 in external vco input mode clkin0/ clkin0 in rf sync input mode pll1 reference path enable[3:0] 0x4f 0x0006 global clear alarms reserved clear alarms 0x00 0x0007 global miscellaneous control reserved 0x00 0x0008 reserved (scratchpad) 0x00 0x0009 reserved disable sync at lock 0x01 pll1 0x000a clkin0/ clkin0 input buffer control reserved input buffer mode[3:0] buffer enable 0x07 0x000b clkin1/ clkin1 input buffer control reserved input buffer mode[3:0] buffer enable 0x07 0x000c clkin2/ clkin2 input buffer control reserved input buffer mode[3:0] buffer enable 0x07 0x000d clkin3/ clkin3 input buffer control reserved input buffer mode[3:0] buffer enable 0x07 0x000e oscin/ oscin input buffer control reserved input buffer mode[3:0] buffer enable 0x07 0x0014 pll1 reference priority control fourth priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] third priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] second priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] first priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1 :0] 0xe4 0x0015 pll1 loss of signal (los) control reserved los validation timer[2:0] 0x03 0x0016 pll1 holdover exit control reserved holdover exit action[1:0] holdover exit criteria[1:0] 0x0c
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 45 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x0017 pll1 holdover dac/adc control reserved holdover dac value[6:0] 0x00 0x0018 reserved adc tracking disable force dac to holdover in quick mode holdover bw reduction[1:0] 0x04 0x0019 pll1 los mode control reserved los bypass input prescaler los uses vcxo prescaler 0x00 0x001a pll1 charge pump control reserved pll1 cp current[3:0] 0x08 0x001b pll1 pfd control reserved pll1 pfd up enable pll1 pfd down enable pll1 pfd up force pll1 pfd down force pll1 pfd polarity 0x18 0x001c clkin0/ clkin0 input prescaler control clkin0/ clkin0 input prescaler[7:0] 0x04 0x001d clkin1/ clkin1 input prescaler control clkin1/ clkin1 input prescaler[7:0] 0x01 0x001e clkin2/ clkin2 input prescaler control clkin2/ clkin2 input prescaler[7:0] 0x04 0x001f clkin3/ clkin3 input prescaler control clkin3/ clkin3 input prescaler[7:0] 0x01 0x0020 oscin/ oscin input prescaler control oscin/ oscin input prescaler[7:0] 0x04 0x0021 pll1 reference divider control (r1) 16 - bit r1 divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x04 0x0022 16 - bit r1 divider[15:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0026 pll1 feedback divider control (n1) 16 - bit n1 divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x10 0x0027 16 - bit n1 divider[15:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0028 pll1 lock detect control reserved pll1 lock detect uses slip pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] 0x0f 0x0029 pll1 reference switching control reserved bypass debouncer manual mode reference switching[1:0] holdover uses dac auto - revertive reference switching auto - mode reference switching 0x05 0x002a pll1 holdoff time control holdoff timer[7:0] 0x00 pll2 0x0031 pll2 miscellaneou s control reserved 0x01 0x0032 pll2 frequency doubler control reserved bypass frequency doubler 0x01 0x0033 pll2 reference divider control (r2) 12 - bit r2 divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x02 0x0034 reserved 12 - bit r2 divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 46 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x0035 pll2 feedback divider control (n2) 1 6 - bit n2 divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x20 0x0036 16 - bit n2 divider[15:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0037 pll2 charge pump control reserved pll2 cp current[3:0] 0x0f 0x0038 pll2 pfd control reserved pll2 pfd up enable pll2 pfd down enable pll2 pfd up force pll2 pfd down force pll2 pfd polarity 0x18 0x0039 oscoutx/ oscoutx path control reserved oscoutx/ oscoutx divider[1:0] oscoutx/ oscoutx path enable 0x00 0x003a oscoutx/ oscoutx driver control reserved oscout0/ oscout0 driver mode[1:0] reserved oscout0/ oscout0 driver impedance[1:0] oscout0/ oscout0 driver enable 0x00 0x003b reserved oscout1/ oscout1 driver mode[1:0] reserved oscout1/ oscout1 driver impedance[1:0] oscout1/ oscout1 driver enable 0x00 0x003c pll2 miscellaneous control reserved 0x00 gpio/sdata control 0x0046 gpi1 control reserved gpi1 selection[3:0] gpi1 enable 0x00 0x0047 gpi2 control reserved gpi2 selection[3:0] gpi2 enable 0x00 0x0048 gpi3 control reserved gpi3 selection[3:0] gpi3 enable 0x09 0x0049 gpi4 control reserved gpi4 selection[3:0] gpi4 enable 0x11 0x0050 gpo1 control gpo1 selection[5:0] gpo1 mode gpo1 enable 0x37 0x0051 gpo2 control gpo2 selection[5:0] gpo2 mode gpo2 enable 0x33 0x0052 gpo3 control gpo3 selection[5:0] gpo3 mode gpo3 enable 0x00 0x0053 gpo4 control gpo4 selection[5:0] gpo4 mode gpo4 enable 0x00 0x0054 sdata control reserved sdata mode sdata enable 0x03 sysref/sync control 0x005a pulse generator control reserved pulse generator mode selection[2:0] 0x00 0x005b sync control reserved sync retime sync through pll2 sync polarity 0x06 0x005c sysref timer control sysref timer[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x005d reserved sysref timer[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x005e sysref miscellaneous control reserved 0x00
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 47 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) clock distribution network 0x0064 external vco control reserved divide by 2 on external vco enable low frequency external vco path 0x00 0x0065 analog delay common control reserved analog delay low power mode 0x00 alarm masks registers 0x0070 pll1 alarm mask control pll1 near lock mask pll1 lock acquisition mask pll1 lock detect mask pll1 holdover status mask pll1 clkinx/ clkinx los mask[3:0] 0x00 0x0071 alarm mask control reserved sync request mask pll1 and pll2 lock detect mask clock outputs phase status mask sysref sync status mask pll2 lock detect mask 0x10 product id registers 0x0078 product id product id value[7:0] (lsb) 0x51 0x0079 product id value[15:8] (mid) 0x16 0x007a product id value[23:16] (msb) 0x30 alarm readback status registers 0x007b readback register reserved alarm signal 0x007c pll1 alarm readback pll1 near lock pll1 lock acquisition pll1 lock detect pll1 holdover status clkinx/ clkinx los[3:0] 0x007d alarm readback reserved sync request status pll1 and pll2 lock detect clock outputs phases status sysref sync status pll2 lock detect 0x007e latched alarm readback reserved pll2 lock acquisition latched pll1 lock acquisition latched pll1 holdover latched clkinx/ clkinx los latched[3:0] 0x007f alarm readback miscellaneous reserved pll1 status registers 0x0082 pll1 status registers reserved pll1 best clock[1:0] pll1 active clkinx/ clkinx [1:0] pll1 fsm state[2:0] 0x0083 reserved pll1 holdover dac averaged value[6:0] 0x0084 holdover comparator value pll1 holdover dac current value[6:0] 0x0085 reserved pll1 active clkinx/ clkinx los pll1 vcxo status pll1 holdover adc status pll1 holdover adc input range status 0x0086 reserved pll1 holdover exit phase[1:0] reserved 0x0087 reserved pll2 status registers 0x008c pll2 status registers pll2 autotune value 0 x008d pll2 autotune signed error[7:0] (lsb) 0x008e pll2 autotune status pll2 autotune error sign pll2 autotune signed error[13:8] (msb) 0x008f pll2 autotune fsm state[3:0] pll2 sync fsm state[3:0] 0x0090 reserved
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 48 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) sysref status register 0x0091 sysref status register reserved channel outputs fsm busy sysref fsm state[3:0] other controls 0x0096 reserved reserved 0x00 0x0097 reserved reserved 0x00 0x0098 reserved reserved 0x00 0x0099 reserved reserved 0x00 0x009a reserved reserved 0x00 0x009b reserved reserved 0xaa 0x009c reserved reserved 0xaa 0x009d reserved reserved 0xaa 0x009e reserved reserved 0xaa 0x009f reserved clock output driver low power setting (for optimum performance, set to 0x4d instead of default value) 0x55 0x00a0 reserved clock output driver high power setting (for optimum performance, set to 0xdf instead of default value) 0x56 0x00a1 reserved reserved 0x97 0x00a2 reserved reserved 0x03 0x00a3 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00a4 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00a5 reserved pll1 more delay (pfd1, lock detect) (for optimum performance, set to 0x06 instead of default value) 0x00 0x00a6 reserved reserved 0x1c 0x00a7 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00a8 reserved pll1 holdover dac g m setting (for optimum performance, set to 0x06 instead of default value) 0x22 0x00a9 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00ab reserved reserved 0x00 0x00ac reserved reserved 0x20 0x00ad reserved reserved 0x00 0x00ae reserved reserved 0x08 0x00af reserved reserved 0x50 0x00b0 reserved vtune preset setting (for optimum performance, set to 0x04 instead of default value) 0x09 0x00b1 reserved reserved 0x0d 0x00b2 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00b3 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00b5 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00b6 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00b7 reserved reserved 0x00 0x00b8 reserved reserved 0x00 clock distribution 0x00c8 channel output 0 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x00c9 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x04 0x00ca reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00cb reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00cc reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00cd 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00ce reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00cf reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x00d0 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x00d1 reserved 0x00
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 49 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x00d2 channel output 1 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x00d3 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00d4 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x00d5 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00d6 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00d7 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00d8 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00d9 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x00da force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x00db reserved 0x00 0x00dc channel output 2 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x00dd 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x08 0x00de reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00df reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00e0 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00e1 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00e2 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00e3 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x00e4 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x00e5 reserved 0x00 0x00e6 channel output 3 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x00e7 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00e8 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x00e9 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00ea reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00eb 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00ec reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00ed reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x00ee force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x00ef reserved 0x00 0x00f0 channel output 4 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x00f1 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x02 0x00f2 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00f3 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00f4 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00f5 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00f6 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x00f7 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x00f8 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x00f9 reserved 0x00
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 50 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x00fa channel output 5 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x00fb 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x00fc reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x00fd reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00fe reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x00ff 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0100 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0101 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0102 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x0103 reserved 0x00 0x0104 channel output 6 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x0105 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x02 0x0106 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0107 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0108 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0109 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x010a reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x010b reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x010c force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x010d reserved 0x00 0x010e channel output 7 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x010f 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0110 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x0111 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0112 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0113 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0114 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0115 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0116 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x0117 reserved 0x00 0x0118 channel output 8 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x0119 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x02 0x011a reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x011b reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x011c reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x011d 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x011e reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x011f reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0120 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x0121 reserved 0x00
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 51 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x0122 channel output 9 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x0123 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0124 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x0125 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0126 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0127 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0128 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0129 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x012a force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x012b reserved 0x00 0x012c channel output 10 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x012d 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x02 0x012e reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x012f reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0130 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0131 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0132 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0133 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0134 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x0135 reserved 0x00 0x0136 channel output 11 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x0137 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0138 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x0139 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x013a reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x013b 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x013c reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x013d reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x013e force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x013f reserved 0x00 0x0140 channel output 12 control high performance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xf3 0x0141 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x10 0x0142 reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0143 reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0144 reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x0145 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0146 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0147 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0148 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x01 0x0149 reserved 0x00
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 52 of 72 addr. (hex) register name bit 7 (msb) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (lsb) default value (hex) 0x014a channel output 13 control high p erformance mode sync enable slip enable reserved start - up mode[1:0] multislip enable channel enable 0xfd 0x014b 12 - bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x014c reserved 12 - bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 0x01 0x014d reserved fine analog delay[4:0] 0x00 0x014e reserved coarse digital delay[4:0] 0x00 0x014f 12 - bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 0x00 0x0150 reserved 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 0x00 0x0151 reserved output mux selection[1:0] 0x00 0x0152 force mute[1:0] dynamic driver enable driver mode[1:0] reserved driver impedance[1:0] 0x30 0x0153 reserved 0x00 control register map bit descriptions global control (register 0x0000 to register 0x0009) table 26 . global soft reset control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0000 [7:1] reserved reserved. rw 0 soft reset resets all registers, dividers, and fsms to default values. table 27 . global request and mode control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0001 7 reseed request requests the centralized resync timer and fsm to reseed any of the output dividers that are programmed to pay attention to sync events. this signal is rising edge sensitive, and is only acknowledged if the resync fsm has completed all events (has finished any previous pulse generator and/or sync events, and is in the done state; sysref fsm state[3:0] = 0010). rw 6 high performance distribution path high performance distribution path select. the vco clock distribution path has two modes. 0 power priority. 1 noise priority. provides the option for better noise floors on the divided output signals. 5 high performance plls/vco high performance pll/vco select. the vco has two modes of operation. 0 power priority. 1 noise priority. reduces the phase noise around the carrier. 4 force holdover force pll1 into holdover mode. a holdover request from the gpi or spi is debounced inside the device when transferred to the pll1 fsm clock domain (which is nominally at the vcxo or lcm rate). with the debouncer enabled, the delay from force holdover assertion to the holdover state is six clock cycles. if the debouncer is bypassed, the delay is two clock cycles. to asynchronous ly tristate the charge pump, the user can disable the up and down signals from the pfd via bits[4:3] (pll1 pfd up enable, pll1 pfd down enable) in the pll1 pfd control register (register 0x001b ). 3 mute output drivers mutes the output drivers (dividers still run in the background). 2 pulse generator request asks for a pulse stream (see the typical programming sequence section). 1 restart dividers/fsms resets all dividers and fsms. does not affect configuration registers. 0 sleep mode forces shutdown. pll1 and pll2, output network, and i/o buffers are disabled.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 53 of 72 address bits bit name settings description access 0x0002 [7:3] reserved reserved. rw 2 pll2 autotune trigger triggers an autotune if there is an error/issue when the device comes out of reset. 1 slip request requests a slip or multislip event from all divider channels that are sensitive to slip or multislip commands. the dividers are rising edge sensitive and take some time to process the request, after which the phase synchronization alarm is asserted. 0 reserved reserved. table 28 . global enable control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0003 [7:6] reserved reserved rw 5 rf reseeder enable enable rf reseed for sysref [4:3] vco selection[1:0] 00 internal disabled/external 01 high 10 low 2 sysref timer enable enable internal sysref time reference 1 pll2 enable master analog enable to pll2 0 pll1 enable master analog enable to pll1 0x0004 7 reserved reserved rw [6:0] seven pairs of 14 channel outputs enable[6:0] bit 0 enable channel 0 and channel 1 bit 1 enable channel 2 and channel 3 bit 2 enable channel 4 and channel 5 bit 3 enable channel 6 and channel 7 bit 4 enable channel 8 and channel 9 bit 5 enable channel 10 and channel 11 bit 6 enable channel 12 and channel 13 table 29 . global mode and enable control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0005 [7:6] sync pin mode selection[1:0] sync pin configuration with respect to pll2. rw 00 disabled. 01 sync. a rising edge is carried through pll2. useful for multichip synchronization. 10 pulse generator. request a pulse generator stream from any channels configured for dynamic startup. this behaves in the same way as a gpi requested pulse generator. 11 causes sync if alarm exists, otherwise causes pulse generator. 5 clkin1/ clkin1 in external vco input mode clkin1/ clkin1 input is used for external vco. 4 clkin0/ clkin0 in rf sync input mode clkin0/ clkin0 input is used for external rf sync. [3:0] pll1 reference path enable[3:0] selects and enables the reference path for pll1. bit 0 enable clkin0/ clkin0 input path. bit 1 enable clkin1/ clkin1 input path. bit 2 enable clkin2/ clkin2 input path. bit 3 enable clkin3/ clkin3 input path.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 54 of 72 table 30 . global clear alarms address bits bit name settings description access 0x0006 [7:1] reserved reserved rw 0 clear alarms clear latched alarms table 31 . global miscellaneous control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0007 [7:0] reserved reserved. rw 0x0008 [7:0] reserved (scratchpad) reserved. the user can write/read to this register to confirm i/os to the HMC7044 . this register does not affect device operation. rw 0x0009 [7:1] reserved reserved. rw 0 disable sync at lock 0 pll2 sends a sync event up n2 when lock is achieved. 1 this feature is disabled and sync is not internally generated on pll2 lock. pll1 (register 0x000a to register 0x002a) table 32 . clkinx/ clkinx and oscin/ oscin input buffer control address bits bit name settings description access 0x000a, 0x000b, 0x000c, 0x000d, 0x000e [7:5] reserved reserved rw [4:1] input buffer mode[3:0] input buffer control bit 0 enable internal 100 ? termination bit 1 enable ac coupling input mode bit 2 enable lvpecl input mode bit 3 enable high - z input mode 0 buffer enable enable input buffer table 33 . pll1 reference priority control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0014 [7:6] fourth priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] if third choice clock is not available, use the fourth choice clock rw [5:4] third priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] if second choice clock is not available, use the third choice clock [3:2] second priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] if the first choice clock is not available, use the second choice clock [1:0] first priority clkinx/ clkinx input[1:0] this is the first choice clock table 34 . pll1 loss of signal (los) control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0015 [7:3] reserved reserved. rw [2:0] los validation timer[2:0] lcm cycles of los hysteresis. this is the number of lcm cycles to wait before exiting los state when the reference input becomes valid again. 1 000 none. 001 2 cycles. 010 4 cycles. 011 8 cycles. 100 16 cycles. 101 32 cycles. 110 64 cycles. 111 128 cycles. 1 t he los re validation t akes between two and three times this number of cycles. the los revalidation ambiguity is dependent on whether another channel is in los.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 55 of 72 table 35 . pll1 holdover exit control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0016 [7:4] reserved reserved rw [3:2] holdover exit action[1:0] action the pll1 fsm takes as it exits holdover mode. 00 reset dividers. 01 do nothing. 10 do nothing. 11 dac assist. [1:0] holdover exit criteria[1:0] criteria the pll1 fsm uses to exit holdover mode. x0 1 exit holdover when los is gone. 01 exit holdover when phase error = 0. 11 exit holder immediately. 1 x means dont care. table 36 . pll1 holdover dac/adc control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0017 7 reserved reserved rw [6:0] holdover dac value[6:0] in holdover mode, if adc tracking disable is set 1, the holdover dac control value is set to this value (regarded as an unsigned integer value); otherwise, the holdover average dac value is summed by this value (regarded as twos complement coded signed int eger value) 0x0018 [7:4] reserved reserved rw 3 adc tracking disable disable adc tracking; use dac hold word 2 force dac to holdover in quick mode force dac control value from dac current value to computed dac holdover value immediately, not gradually [1:0] holdover bw reduction[1:0] reduce tracking bw table 37 . pll1 los mode control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0019 [7:2] reserved reserved rw 1 los bypass input prescaler bypass lcm r divider cascade; the r1 input is the selected clkinx/ clkinx input 0 los uses vcxo prescaler for very low pfd rates; cascades vcxo lcm divider after n1 table 38 . pll1 charge pump control address bits bit name settings description access 0x001a [7:4] reserved reserved rw [3:0] pll1 cp current[3:0] pll1 charge pump current
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 56 of 72 table 39 . pll1 pfd control address bits bit name settings description access 0x001b [7:5] reserved reserved rw 4 pll1 pfd up enable enable pll1 pfd up 3 pll1 pfd down enable enable pll1 pfd down 2 pll1 pfd up force force pll1 charge pump up; do not assert simultaneously with pll1 pfd down force 1 pll1 pfd down force force pll1 charge pump down; do not assert simultaneously with pll1 pfd up force 0 pll1 pfd polarity select pfd polarity 0 positive 1 negative table 40 . clkinx/ clkinx and oscin/ oscin input prescaler control address bits bit name settings description access 0x001c [7:0] clkin0/ clkin0 input prescaler[7:0] clkin0/ clkin0 prescaler divider setpoint rw 0x001d [7:0] clkin1/ clkin1 input prescaler[7:0] clkin1/ clkin1 prescaler divider setpoint rw 0x001e [7:0] clkin2/ clkin2 input prescaler[7:0] clkin2/ clkin2 prescaler divider setpoint rw 0x001f [7:0] clkin3/ clkin3 input prescaler[7:0] clkin3/ clkin3 prescaler divider setpoint rw 0x0020 [7:0] oscin/ oscin input prescaler[7:0] oscin/ oscin prescaler divider setpoint rw table 41 . pll1 reference divider control (r1) address bits bit name settings description access 0x0021 [7:0] 16- bit r1 divider[7:0] (lsb) 16- bit r1 divider setpoint lsb rw 0x0022 [7:0] 16- bit r1 divider[15:8] (msb) 16- bit r1 divider setpoint msb rw table 42 . pll1 feedback divider control (n1) address bits bit name settings description access 0x0026 [7:0] 16- bit n1 divider[7:0] (lsb) 16- bit n1 divider setpoint lsb rw 0x0027 [7:0] 16- bit n1 divider[15:8] (msb) 16- bit n1 divider setpoint msb rw table 43 . pll1 lock detect control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0028 [7:6] reserved reserved rw 5 pll1 lock detect uses slip use the slip indicator instead of ~2 ns timer for lock detect [4:0] pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] pll1 lock detect center depth (lcms); increments of 2 pll1 lock detect timer[4:0] cycles 00000 1 cycle 00001 2 cycles 00010 4 cycles 11110 1,073,741,824 cycles 11111 2,147,483,648 cycles
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 57 of 72 table 44 . pll1 reference switching control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0029 [7:6] reserved reserved rw 5 bypass debouncer bypass the debouncer in manual mode and gpi clock/holdover selection [4:3] manual mode reference switching[1:0] if automode ref switching = 0, manual selection of clkinx/ clkinx input 2 holdover us es dac in holdover, selects whether pll1 uses the dac or tristates the charge pump 0 tristate the charge pump 1 use holdover dac 1 autorevertive reference switching revert to pll1 best clock option if it becomes available again 0 automode reference switching clock switching is automatic based on los/pll1 reference priority control register (register 0x0014) table 45 . pll1 holdoff time control address bits bit name settings description access 0x002a [7:0] holdoff timer[7:0] pll1 waits in holdover for 2 holdoff timer[7:0] lcm cycles to give the abandoned reference a chance to recover before switching to the next priority clock. if holdoff timer[7:0] equals to 0, holdoff functionality is disabled and switches directly to the next priority clock. rw pll2 (register 0x0031 to register 0x003c) table 46 . pll2 miscellaneous control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0031 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x003c [7:0] reserved reserved rw table 47. pll2 frequency doubler control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0032 [7:1] reserved reserved rw 0 bypass frequency doubler bypass pll2 frequency doubler 0 enable frequency doubler before r2 divider 1 bypass frequency doubler table 48 . pll2 reference divider control (r2) address bits bit name settings description access 0x0033 [7:0] 12- bit r2 divider[7:0] (lsb) 12- bit r2 divider setpoint lsb. divide by 1 to divide by 4095. 00000000, 00000001 = divide by 1. rw 0x0034 [7:4] reserved reserved. rw [3:0] 12- bit r2 divider[11:8] (msb) 12- bits r2 divider setpoint msb. table 49 . pll2 feedback divider control (n2) address bits bit name settings description access 0x0035 [7:0] 16- bit n2 divider[7:0] (lsb) 16- bit n2 divider setpoint lsb. rw 0x0036 [7:0] 16- bit n2 divider[1 5 :8] (msb) 16- bit n2 divider setpoint msb. rw
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 58 of 72 table 50 . pll2 charge pump control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0037 [7:4] reserved reserved. rw [3:0] pll2 cp current[3:0] these 4 bits set the magnitude of pll2 charge pump current. granularity is ~160 a with full magnitude of ~2560 a. table 51 . pll2 pfd control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0038 [7:5] reserved reserved rw 4 pll2 pfd up enable enable pll2 pfd up 3 pll2 pfd down enable enable pll2 pfd down 2 pll2 pfd up force force pll2 charge pump up; do not assert simultaneously with pll2 pfd down force 1 pll2 pfd down force force pll2 charge pump down; do not assert simultaneously with pll2 pfd up force 0 pll2 pfd polarity select pfd polarity 0 positive 1 negative table 52 . oscoutx/ oscoutx path control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0039 [7:3] reserved reserved rw [2:1] oscoutx/ oscoutx divider[1:0] oscillator output divider ratio 00 divided by 1 01 divided by 2 10 divided by 4 11 divided by 8 0 oscoutx/ oscoutx path enable enable the oscillator output path (divider and the internal path except driver) table 53 . oscoutx/ oscoutx driver control address bits bit name settings 1 description access 0x003a, 0x003b [7:6] reserved reserved rw [5:4] oscoutx/ oscoutx driver mode[1:0] oscillator output driver mode selection 00 cml mode 01 lvpecl mode 10 lvds mode 11 cmos mode [3] reserved reserved [2:1] oscoutx/ oscoutx driver impedance[1:0] oscillator output driver impedance selection for cml mode 00 internal resistor disable 01 internal 100 ? resistor enable per output pin 10 reserved 11 internal 50 ? resistor enable per output pin 0 oscoutx/ oscoutx driver enable enable oscillator driver 1 x means dont care.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 59 of 72 gpio/sdata control (register 0x0046 to register 0x0054) table 54 . gpix control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0046, 0x0047, 0x0048, 0x0049 [7:5] reserved reserved. rw [4:1] gpix selection[3:0] select the gpix functionality. 0000 reserved. 0001 force pll1 to holdover. 0010 select pll1 reference manually, bit 1. 0011 select pll1 reference manually, bit 0. 0100 put the chip into sleep mode. 0101 issue a mute. 0110 select the internal vco type manually. 0111 select high performance mode for pll2 and the internal vco. 1000 issue a pulse generator request. 1001 issue a reseed request. 1010 issue a restart request. 1011 force the chip into fanout mode. 1100 reserved. 1101 issue a slip request 1110 reserved. 1111 reserved. 0 gpix enable gpix function enable. before changing the function of the pin, disable it first, and then reenable it after the function change. 1 1 note that it is possible to have a gpio x pin configured as both an output and an input. table 55 . gpox control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0050, 0x0051, 0x0052, 0x0053 [7:2] gpox selection[5:0] select the gpox functionality rw 000000 alarm signal 000001 sdata from spi communication 000010 clkin3/ clkin3 los for clkin3/ clkin3 input 000011 clkin2/ clkin2 los for clkin2/ clkin2 input 000100 clkin1/ clkin1 los for clkin1/ clkin1 input 000101 clkin0/ clkin0 los for clkin0/ clkin0 input 000110 pll1 holdover enabled signal from pll1 000111 lock detect signal from pll1 001000 acquiring lock signal from pll1 001001 pll1 near lock acquisition status signal from pll1 001010 pll2 lock detect signal from pll2 001011 sysref sync status has not synchronized since reset 001100 clock outputs phase status 001101 pll1 and pll2 lock detect is locked 001110 sync request status signal 001111 pll1 active clkin0/ clkin0 010000 pll1 active clkin1/ clkin1 010001 pll1 holdover adc input range status 010010 pll1 holdover adc input status 010011 pll1 vcxo status 010100 pll1 active clkinx/ clkinx status 010101 pll1 fsm state, bit 0 010110 pll1 fsm state, bit 1 010111 pll1 fsm state, bit 2
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 60 of 72 address bits bit name settings description access 011000 pll1 holdover exit phase, bit 0 011001 pll1 holdover exit phase, bit 1 011010 channel outputs fsm busy 011011 sysref fsm state, bit 0 011100 sysref fsm state, bit 1 011101 sysref fsm state, bit 2 011110 sysref fsm state, bit 3 011111 force logic 1 to gpo 100000 force logic 0 to gpo 100001 reserved 100010 reserved 100011 reserved 100100 reserved 100101 reserved 100110 reserved 100111 pll1 holdover dac averaged value, bit 0 101000 pll1 holdover dac averaged value, bit 1 101001 pll1 holdover dac averaged value, bit 2 101010 pll1 holdover dac averaged value, bit 3 101011 pll1 holdover dac current value, bit 0 101100 pll1 holdover dac current value, bit 1 101101 pll1 holdover dac current value, bit 2 101110 pll1 holdover dac current value, bit 3 101111 reserved 110000 reserved 110001 reserved 110010 reserved 110011 reserved 110100 reserved 110101 reserved 110110 reserved 110111 reserved 111000 reserved 111001 reserved 111010 reserved 111011 reserved 111100 reserved 111101 holdover comparator status 111110 pulse generator request status signal 111111 reserved 1 gpox mode selects the mode of gpox driver 0 open - drain mode 1 cmos mode 0 gpox enable gpox driver enable table 56 . sdata control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0054 [7:2] reserved reserved rw 1 sdata mode selects the mode of sdata driver 0 open - drain mode 1 cmos mode 0 sdata enable sdata driver enable
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 61 of 72 sysref/sync control (register 0x005a to register 0x005e) table 57 . pulse generator control address bits bit name settings description access 0x005a [7:3] reserved reserved. rw [2:0] pulse generator mode selection[2:0] sysref output enable with pulse generator. 000 level sensitive. when the gpix is configured to issue a pulse generator request (gpix selection[3:0] = 1000), or a pulse generator request is issued through the spi or as a sync pin - based pulse generator, run the pulse generator. otherwise, stop the pulse generator. 001 1 pulse. 010 2 pulses. 011 4 pulses. 100 8 pulses. 101 16 pulses. 110 16 pulses. 111 continuous mode (50% duty cycle). table 58 . sync control address bits bit name settings description access 0x005b [7:3] reserved reserved rw 2 sync retime 0 bypass the retime (if using sync path with on - chip vco) 1 retime the external sync from reference 0 1 sync through pll2 allow a reseed event to be through pll2 0 sync polarity sync polarity (must be 0 if not using clkin0/ clkin0 as the input) 0 positive 1 negative table 59 . sysref timer control address bits bit name settings description access 0x005c [7:0] sysref timer[7:0] (lsb) 12- bit sysref timer setpoint lsb. this sets the internal beat frequency of the master timer, which controls synchronization and pulse generator events. set the 12- bit timer to a submultiple of the lowest output sysref frequency, and program it to be no faster than 4 mhz. rw 0x005d [7:4] reserved reserved. rw [3:0] sysref timer[11:8] (msb) 12- bit sysref timer setpoint msb. table 60 . sysref miscellaneous control address bits bit name settings description access 0x005e [7:0] reserved reserved rw clock distribution network (register 0x0064 to register 0x0065) table 61 . external vco control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0064 [7:2] reserved reserved rw 1 divide by 2 on external vco enable use divide by 2 on external vco path 0 low frequency external vco path changes bias to class a for low frequency vco
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 62 of 72 table 62 . analog delay common control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0065 [7:1] reserved reserved. rw 0 analog delay low power mode analog delay is in low power mode, which can save power for low settings of analog delay, but is not glitchless between setpoints. alarm masks registers (register 0x0070 to register 0x0071) table 63 . pll1 alarm mask control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0070 7 pll1 near lock mask if set, allow the pll1 near lock signal to generate alarm signal rw 6 pll1 lock acquisition mask if set, allow the pll1 lock acquisition signal to generate alarm signal 5 pll1 lock detect mask if set, allow the pll1 lock detect signal to generate alarm signal 4 pll1 holdover status mask if set, allow the pll1 holdover status signal to generate alarm signal [3:0] pll1 clkinx/ clkinx status mask[3:0] bit 0 if set, allow clkin0/ clkin0 los to generate alarm signal bit 1 if set, allow clkin1/ clkin1 los to generate alarm signal bit 2 if set, allow clkin2/ clkin2 los to generate alarm signal bit 3 if set, allow clkin3/ clkin3 los to generate alarm signal table 64 . alarm mask control address bits bit name settings description access 0x0071 [7:5] reserved reserved rw 4 sync request mask if set, allow the sync request signals to generate alarm signal 3 pll1 and pll2 lock detect mask if set, allow the pll1 and pll2 lock detect signals to generate alarm signal 2 clock outputs phases status mask if set, allow the clock outputs phases status signal to generate alarm signal 1 sysref sync status mask if set, allow the sysref sync status signal to generate alarm signal 0 pll2 lock detect mask if set, allow the pll2 lock detect signal to generate alarm signal product id registers (register 0x0078 to register 0x007a) table 65 . product id address bits bit name settings description access 0x0078 [7:0] product id value[7:0] (lsb) 24- bit product id value low r 0x0079 [7:0] product id value[15:8] (mid) 24- bit product id value high r 0x007a [7:0] product id value[23:16] (msb) 24- bit product id value very high r alarm readback status registers (register 0x007b to register 0x007f) table 66 . readback register address bits bit name settings description access 0x007b [7:1] reserved reserved. r 0 alarm signal readback alarm status from spi.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 63 of 72 table 67 . pll1 alarm readback address bits bit name settings description access 0x007c 7 pll1 near lock pll1 near locked. declare near locked when the counter reaches 1/16 of the programmable limit. r 6 pll1 lock acquisition pll1 acquiring lock. 5 pll1 lock detect pll1 locked. 4 pll1 holdover status pll1 in holdover. [3:0] clkinx/ clkinx los[3:0] bit 0 clkin0/ clkin0 los. bit 1 clkin1/ clkin1 los. bit 2 clkin2/ clkin2 los. bit 3 clkin3/ clkin3 los. table 68 . alarm readback address bits bit name settings description access 0x007d [7:5] reserved reserved. r 4 sync request status pll2 locked (or disabled), but unsynchronized. 3 pll1 and pll2 lock detect pll1 and pll2 lock detect status. 0 either pll1 or pll2 is not locked or both pll1 and pll2 are not locked. 1 pll1 and pll2 are locked. 2 clock outputs phases status sysref alarm. 0 sysref of the HMC7044 is not valid; that is, its phase output is not stable. 1 sysref of the HMC7044 is valid and locked; that is, its phase output is stable. 1 sysref sync status sysref sync status alarm. 0 the HMC7044 has been synchronized with an external sync pulse or a sync request from the spi. 1 the HMC7044 never synchronized with an external sync pulse or a sync request from the spi. 0 pll2 lock detect 1 pll2 near locked. declare near locked when counter reaches 1/16 of the programmable limit. table 69 . latched alarm readback address bits bit name settings description access 0x007e 7 reserved reserved. r 6 pll2 lock acquisition latched readback record of pll2 lock acquisition since the last clear event. 5 pll1 lock acquisition latched readback record of pll1 lock acquisition since the last clear event. 4 pll1 holdover latched readback record of pll1 holdover since the last clear event. [3:0] clkinx/ clkinx los latched[3:0] bit 0 readback record of clkin0/ clkin0 los since the last clear event. bit 1 readback record of clkin1/ clkin1 los since the last clear event. bit 2 readback record of clkin2/ clkin2 los since the last clear event . bit 3 readback record of clkin3/ clkin3 los since the last clear event. table 70 . alarm readback miscellaneous address bits bit name settings description access 0x007f [7:0] reserved reserved. r
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 64 of 72 pll1 status registers (register 0x0082 to register 0x0087) table 71 . pll1 status registers address bits bit name settings description access 0x0082 7 reserved reserved r [6:5] pll1 best clock[1:0] indicates which clock the los/priority encoder prefers if automode reference switching is used [4:3] pll1 active clkinx/ clkinx [1:0] indicates which clkinx/ clkinx input is currently in use [2:0] pll1 fsm state[2:0] sets the state pll1 is in 000 reset 001 acquisition 010 locked 011 invalid 100 holdover 101 dac assisted holdover exit 0x0083 7 reserved reserved r [6:0] holdover dac averaged value[6:0] average dac code 0x0084 7 holdover comparator value holdover comparator output value (dac output vs. pll1 v tune ) r [6:0] holdover dac current value[6:0] current dac code 0x0085 [7:4] reserved reserved r 3 pll1 active clkinx/ clkinx los los of the currently active reference 2 pll1 vcxo status indicates whether any of the enabled references appears to run faster than the vcxo 1 pll1 holdover adc status 0 adc is acquiring 1 pll1 v tune is moving quickly 0 pll1 holdover adc input range status 0 pll1 v tune is in range 1 pll1 v tune is out of range 0x0086 [7:5] reserved reserved r [4:3] pll1 holdover exit phase[1:0] the phase of the pll1 holdover exit [2:0] reserved reserved 0x0087 [7:0] reserved reserved r pll2 status registers (register 0x008c to register 0x0090) table 72 . pll2 status registers address bits bit name settings description access 0x008c [7:0] pll2 autotune value after autotune, this word is populated with the selected capacitor bank of the vco r 0x008d [7:0] pll2 autotune signed error[7:0] (lsb) 14- bit pll2 v tune error count, lsb r 0x008e 7 pll2 autotune status 1 autotune busy r 0 done/not working 6 pll2 autotune error sign sign of pll2 autotune error 0 positive 1 negative [5:0] pll2 autotune signed error[13:8] (msb) 14- bit pll2 v tune error count, msb
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 65 of 72 address bits bit name settings description access 0x008f [7:4] pll2 autotune fsm state[3:0] autotune fsm state r 0000 idle 0001 startup 0010 startup 0011 reset 0100 reset 0101 reset 0110 measure 0111 wait 1000 wait 1001 update loop to state 18 times 1010 round 1011 finish [3:0] pll2 sync fsm state[3:0] pll2 sync carry fsm state 0000 idle 0100 power up section a of the fsm 0110 power up section b of the fsm 0111 sending to n2 1110 power down section a of the fsm 1100 power down section b of the fsm 0x0090 [7:0] reserved reserved r sysref status register (register 0x0091) table 73 . sysref status register address bits bit name settings description access 0x0091 [7:5] reserved reserved. r 4 channel outputs fsm busy one of clock outputs fsm requested clock, and it is running. [3:0] sysref fsm state[3:0] indicates the current step of the sysref reseed process. note that the three different progressions are caused by different trigger events (reseed, pulse generator, reserved). 0000 reset. 0010 done. 0100 get ready. 0101 get ready. 0110 get ready. 1010 running (pulse generator). 1011 start. 1100 power up. 1101 power up. 1110 power up. 1111 clear reset.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 66 of 72 other controls (register 0x0096 to register 0x00b8) for optimum performance of the chip, register 0x0096 to register 0x00b8 must be programmed to a different value than their default value. table 74 . reserved registers address bits bit name settings description access 0x0096 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x0097 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x0098 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x0099 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009a [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009b [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009b [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009c [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009d [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009e [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x009f [7:0] reserved clock output driver low power setting (set to 0x4d instead of default value) rw 0x00a0 [7:0] reserved clock output driver high power setting (set to 0xdf instead of default value) rw 0x00a1 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a2 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a3 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a4 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a5 [7:0] reserved pll1 more delay (pfd1, lock detect) (set to 0x06 instead of default value) rw 0x00a6 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a7 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00a8 [7:0] reserved pll1 holdover dac g m setting (set to 0x06 instead of default value) rw 0x00a9 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00ab [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00ac [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00ad [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00ae [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00af [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b0 [7:0] reserved v tune preset setting (set to 0x04 instead of default value) rw 0x00b1 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b2 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b3 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b4 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b5 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b6 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b7 [7:0] reserved reserved rw 0x00b8 [7:0] reserved reserved rw
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 67 of 72 clock distribution (register 0x00c8 to register 0x0153) the bit descriptions in table 75 apply to all 14 channels. table 75 . channel 0 to channel 13 control address bits bit name settings 1 description access 0x00c8, 0x00d2, 0x00dc, 0x00e6, 0x00f0, 0x00fa, 0x0104, 0x010e, 0x0118, 0x0122, 0x012c, 0x0136, 0x0140, 0x014a 7 high performance mode high performance mode. adjusts the divider and buffer bias to improve swing/phase noise at the expense of power. rw 6 sync enable susceptible to sync event. the channel can process a sync event to reset its phase. 5 slip enable susceptible to slip event. the channel can process a slip request from spi or gpi. note that if slip enable is true but multislip is off, a channel slips by 1 vco cycle on an explicit slip request broadcast from the spi/gpi. 4 reserved reserved. [3:2] start - up mode[1:0] configures the channel to normal mode with asynchronous startup, or to a pulse generator mode with dynamic start - up. note that this must be set to asynchronous mode if the channel is unused. 00 asynchronous. 01 reserved. 10 reserved. 11 dynamic. 1 multislip enable allow multislip operation (default = 0 for sysref, 1 for dclk). 0 do not engage automatic multislip on channel startup. 1 multislip events after sync or pulse generator request, if slip enable, bit = 1. 0 channel enable channel enable. if this bit is 0, channel is disabled. 0x00c9, 0x00d3, 0x00dd, 0x00e7, 0x00f1, 0x00fb, 0x0105, 0x010f, 0x0119, 0x0123, 0x012d, 0x0137, 0x0141, 0x014b [7:0] 12- bit channel divider[7:0] (lsb) 12- bit channel divider setpoint lsb. the divider supports even divide ratios from 2 to 4094. the supported odd divide ratios are 1, 3, and 5. all even and odd divide ratios hav e 50.0% duty cycle. rw 0x00ca, 0x00d4, 0x00de, 0x00e8, 0x00f2, 0x00fc, 0x0106, 0x0110, 0x011a, 0x0124, 0x012e, 0x0138, 0x0142, 0x014c [7:4] reserved reserved. rw [3:0] 12- bit channel divider[11:8] (msb) 12- bit channel divider setpoint msb. 0x00cb, 0x00d5, 0x00df, 0x00e9, 0x00f3, 0x00fd, 0x0107, 0x0111, 0x011b, 0x0125, 0x012f, 0x0139, 0x0143, 0x014d [7:5] reserved reserved. rw [4:0] fine analog delay[4:0] 24 fine delay steps. step size = 25 ps. values greater than 23 have no effect on analog delay. 0x00cc, 0x00d6, 0x00e0, 0x00ea, 0x00f4, 0x00fe, 0x0108, 0x0112, 0x011c, 0x0126, 0x0130, 0x013a, 0x0144, 0x014e [7:5] reserved reserved. rw [4:0] coarse digital delay[4:0] 17 coarse delay steps. step size = ? vco cycle. this flip flop (ff) - based digital delay does not increase noise level at the expense of power. values greater than 17 have no effect on coarse delay. 0x00cd, 0x00d7, 0x00e1, 0x00eb, 0x00f5, 0x00ff, 0x0109, 0x0113, 0x011d, 0x0127, 0x0131, 0x013b, 0x0145, 0x014f [7:0] 12- bit multislip digital delay[7:0] (lsb) 12- bit multislip digital delay amount lsb. rw step size = (delay amount: msb + lsb) vco cycles. if multislip enable bit = 1, any slip events (caused by gpi, spi, sync, or pulse generator events) repeat the number of times set by 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:0] to adjust the phase by step size.
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 68 of 72 address bits bit name settings 1 description access 0x00ce, 0x00d8, 0x00e2, 0x00ec, 0x00f6, 0x0100, 0x010a, 0x0114, 0x011e, 0x0128, 0x0132, 0x013c, 0x0146, 0x0150 [7:4] reserved reserved. rw [3:0] 12 - bit multislip digital delay[11:8] (msb) 12 - bit multislip digital delay amount msb. 0x00cf, 0x00d9, 0x00e3, 0x00ed, 0x00f7, 0x0101, 0x010b, 0x0115, 0x011f, 0x0129, 0x0133, 0x013d, 0x0147, 0x0151 [7:2] reserved reserved. rw [1:0] output mux selection[1:0] channel output mux selection. 00 channel divider output. 01 analog delay output. 10 other channel of the clock group pair. 11 input vco clock (fundamental). fundamental can also be generated with 12 - bit channel divider[11:0] = 1. 0x00d0, 0x00da, 0x00e4, 0x00ee, 0x00f8, 0x0102, 0x010c, 0x0116, 0x0120, 0x012a, 0x0134, 0x013e, 0x0148, 0x0152 [7:6] force mute[1:0] idle at logic 0 selection (pulse generator mode only). force to logic 0 or v cm . rw 00 normal mode (selection for dclk). 01 reserved. 10 force to logic 0. 11 reserved . 5 dynamic driver enable dynamic driver enable (pulse generator mode only). 0 driver is enabled/disabled with channel enable bit 1 driver is dynamically disabled with pulse generator events. [4:3] driver mode[1:0] output driver mode selection. 00 cml mode. 01 lvpecl mode. 10 lvds mode. 11 cmos mode. [2] reserved reserved. [1:0] driver impedance[1:0] output driver impedance selection for cml mode. 00 internal resistor disable. 01 internal 100 ? resistor enable per output pin. 10 reserved. 11 internal 50 ? resistor enable per output pin. 0x00d1, 0x00db, 0x00e5, 0x00ef, 0x00f9, 0x0103, 0x010d, 0x0117, 0x0121, 0x012b, 0x0135, 0x013f, 0x0149, 0x0153 [7:0] reserved reserved. rw 1 x means dont care.
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 69 of 72 evaluation pcb schem atic evaluation pcb for t he circuit board used in the application , use rf circuit design techniques. ensure that s ignal lines have 50 ? impedance . connect t he package ground leads and exposed pad directly to the ground plane (see figure 52) . use a sufficient number of via holes to connect the top and bottom ground planes. the evaluation circuit board is available from analog devices upon request. the typical pb - free reflow solder profile is shown in figure 51. 13033-146 temper a ture (c) 217c ram p u p 3c/second max ram p down 6c/second max time (second) 60 t o 150 seconds 60 t o 180 seconds 20 t o 40 seconds 480 seconds max 260 ? 5c/260 + 0c 150c t o 200c figure 51 . pb - free reflow solder profile 13033-048 figure 52 . evaluation pcb layout, top side
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 70 of 72 13033-049 figure 53 . evaluation pcb layout, bottom side
data sheet HMC7044 rev. b | page 71 of 72 outline dimensions 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.50 bsc bot t om view top view pin 1 indic a t or pin 1 indic a t or 6.40 6.30 sq 6.20 sea ting plane 0.05 max 0.02 nom coplanarity 0.08 03-12-2015- a 10.10 10.00 sq 9.90 1.20 bsc 8.00 ref 1 68 17 18 52 51 34 35 pkg-000000 exposed pa d 0.20 ref 0.30 0.25 0.18 compliant to jedec standards mo-220-vnnd-2 for proper connection of the exposed pad, refer to the pin configuration and function descriptions section of this data sheet. 0.90 0.85 0.80 figure 54 . 68 - lead lead frame chip scale package [lfcsp_vq] 10 mm 10 mm body, very thin quad (hcp - 68 - 1) dimensions shown in millimeters 02-10-2016- a notes: 1. 10 sprocket hole pitch cumul a tive t olerance 0.20 2. camber in compliance with ei a 481 3. m a terial: conductive black po l ystyrene 4. measured on a plane 0.30 mm above the bot t om of the pocket 5. measured from a plane on the inside bot t om of the pocket t o the t o p sur f ace of the carrier 6. pocket position rel a tive t o sprocket hole measured as true position of pocke t , not pocket hole note 4 note 5 note 6 note 1 note 6 detail a detail a 24.30 24.00 23.70 direction of feed 10.40 10.30 10.20 note 4 10.40 10.30 10.20 16.10 16.00 15.90 4.10 4.00 3.90 11.60 11.50 11.40 2.10 2.00 1.90 1.85 1.75 1.65 1.20 1.10 1.00 a a ? 1.5 ~ 1.6 ? 1.5 min r0.3 max top view section a-a r 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.30 0.25 figure 55 . lfcsp tape and reel outline dimensions dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model 1 temperature range lead finish msl rating package description package option branding 2 HMC7044lp10be C 40c to +85c 100% matte tin msl -3 68- lead lfcsp_vq hcp -68-1 xxxx 7044 HMC7044lp10betr C 40c to +85c 100% matte tin msl -3 68- lead lfcsp_v hcp -68-1 xxxx 7044 ek1HMC7044lp10b C 40c to +85c evaluation kit 1 e = rohs compliant part. 2 four - digit lot number represented by xxxx .
HMC7044 data sheet rev. b | page 72 of 72 notes ? 2015 C 2016 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. d13033 - 0 - 11/16(b)

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